{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:40:54Z","timestamp":1776080454926,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the relationship between the frequency of coffee consumption and blood pressure over a two year follow up of a cohort of elderly people. Healthy, older people (N = 205) were examined at baseline and at two years. Participants completed physical and behavioural assessments, which included body composition, current pharmacological treatment, and frequency of coffee consumption grouped into three categories: \u201cnever to a few times per month\u201d, \u201conce a week to a few times per week\u201d, and \u201cevery day\u201d. Blood pressure (systolic (sBP), diastolic (dBP), mean (mBP), and pulse pressure (PP)) was measured at baseline and after two years. After adjusting for body composition, smoking status, age, sex, heart rate, and number of antihypertensive agents taken, participants who drank coffee everyday had a significant increase in sBP, with a mean of 8.63 (1.27; 15.77) and an mBP, with a mean of 5.55 mmHg (0.52; 10.37) after two years (t = 2.37, p = 0.02 and t = 2.17, p = 0.03, respectively) compared to participants who never or very rarely (up to a few times per month) drank coffee. DBP and PP were not affected by coffee consumption frequency in a statistically significant manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T21:40:30Z","timestamp":1632778830000},"page":"3372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Coffee Consumption and Blood Pressure: Results of the Second Wave of the Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, Nutrition, Comorbidities, and Functional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kujawska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5186-5037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Kujawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Weronika","family":"Hajec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Skierkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kwiatkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-298X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Husejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Julia L.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4AX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2264-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Augusto","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8453-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Zalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"K\u0119dziora-Kornatowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shahoud, J.S., and Aeddula, N.R. 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