{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:00:13Z","timestamp":1770138013270,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/07391-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/07391-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/05972-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/05972-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considering the nature, extent, and purpose of food processing, this study aims to identify dietary patterns (DPs) and their associations with sociodemographic factors and diet quality in Portuguese children and adolescents. Cross-sectional data were obtained from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015\u20132016) of the Portuguese population. Dietary intake was obtained from two non-consecutive days and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. The proportion (in grams) of foods in the total daily diet was considered to identify DPs by latent class analysis, with age and sex as concomitant variables. Associations of DPs with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Linear regressions adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics tested associations of DPs with diet quality. DPs identified were: \u201cUnhealthy\u201d (higher sugar-sweetened beverages, industrial breads, and sausages intake), \u201cTraditional\u201d (higher vegetables, fish, olive oil, breads, ultra-processed yogurts, and sausages intake), and \u201cDairy\u201d (higher intake of milk, yogurt, and milk-based beverages). \u201cUnhealthy\u201d was associated with older ages and lower intake of dietary fibre and vitamins and the highest free sugars and ultra-processed foods (UPF), although all DPs presented significant consumption of UPF. These findings should be considered for the design of food-based interventions and school-feeding policies in Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"3851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dietary Patterns in Portuguese Children and Adolescent Population: The UPPER Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2652-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Miranda","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7710-4284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support (LIAAD), Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-3481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8960-2160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory ITR, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Renata Costa de","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Tri\u00e2ngulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-440, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Rauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"Antoniazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5388-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Bertazzi","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-90, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0647-5018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of 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