{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:50:54Z","timestamp":1771663854059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), 1110 through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade COMPETE2020 (CENTRO-01-0145- 1111 FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020) and by National funds via Portuguese Science and Tec"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), 1110 through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade COMPETE2020 (CENTRO-01-0145- 1111 FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020) and by National funds via Portuguese Science and Tec"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paramount importance of a healthy diet in the prevention of type 2 diabetes is now well recognized. Blueberries (BBs) have been described as attractive functional fruits for this purpose. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to the protective impact of blueberry juice (BJ) on prediabetes. Using a hypercaloric diet-induced prediabetic rat model, we evaluated the effects of BJ on glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles; gut microbiota composition; intestinal barrier integrity; and metabolic endotoxemia, as well as on hepatic metabolic surrogates, including several related to mitochondria bioenergetics. BJ supplementation for 14 weeks counteracted diet-evoked metabolic deregulation, improving glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and hypertriglyceridemia, along with systemic and hepatic antioxidant properties, without a significant impact on the gut microbiota composition and related mechanisms. In addition, BJ treatment effectively alleviated hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in the prediabetic animals, as suggested by the amelioration of bioenergetics parameters and key targets of inflammation, insulin signaling, ketogenesis, and fatty acids oxidation. In conclusion, the beneficial metabolic impact of BJ in prediabetes may be mainly explained by the rescue of hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings pave the way to support the use of BJ in prediabetes to prevent diabetes and its complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:56Z","timestamp":1638314576000},"page":"4192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Blueberry Counteracts Prediabetes in a Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Rat Model and Rescues Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0240-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia D.","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy\/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Pregui\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8161-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7828-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1244-275X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o S.","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2047-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Figueirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre Research Center, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy\/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Jarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui A.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Clean Technologies and Processes, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Cavadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela P.","family":"Rolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2639-7697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-009-0032-7","article-title":"Pathophysiology of prediabetes","volume":"9","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.06.007","article-title":"Prediabetes","volume":"45","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-019-0080-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology of prediabetes\u2014Present and future perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Hostalek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60283-9","article-title":"Prediabetes: A high-risk state for diabetes development","volume":"379","author":"Herder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Shen, D., Fang, Z., Jie, Z., Qiu, X., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., and Ji, L. (2013). Human Gut Microbiota Changes Reveal the Progression of Glucose Intolerance. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071108"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.06.011","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4550-1","article-title":"Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes","volume":"61","author":"Allin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c130024","article-title":"Energy Metabolism in the Liver","volume":"4","author":"Rui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2010.11.005","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Prediabetes","volume":"95","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgeiro, A., Cerqueira, M., Varela-Rodr\u00edguez, B.M., Nunes, S., Neto, P., Pereira, F.C., Reis, F., and Carvalho, E. (2017). Glucose and Lipid Dysmetabolism in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a High-Sucrose Diet. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201704.0185.v1"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance Is the Primary Defect in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"32","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5758","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15238","article-title":"Enhanced liver but not muscle OXPHOS in diabetes and reduced glucose output by complex I inhibition","volume":"24","author":"Alimujiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5290638","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5290638","article-title":"Mitochondrial Epigenetic Changes Link to Increased Diabetes Risk and Early-Stage Prediabetes Indicator","volume":"2016","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1139\/h06-071","article-title":"Mitochondrial oxidative function and type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Boushel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.11.030","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis and contributes to the natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an obese rodent model","volume":"52","author":"Rector","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00532","article-title":"Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet","volume":"10","author":"Sergi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.09.006","article-title":"Gender differences in adiponectin and low-grade inflammation among individuals with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"6","author":"Saltevo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"70","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in prediabetes and dia-betes","volume":"70","author":"Luc","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14790","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71908-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: An analysis from 1990 to 2025","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e328350583a","article-title":"The worldwide diabetes epidemic","volume":"19","author":"Lam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2017.07.011","article-title":"Prediabetes","volume":"52","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2018.07.003","article-title":"Effects of lifestyle changes on adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Glechner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prim. Care Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"347","article-title":"Food groups in dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes","volume":"70","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rocz. Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Hig."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9531.127541","article-title":"The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern","volume":"3","author":"Asif","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Educ. Healh Promot."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12376","article-title":"Higher intake of fruits, vegetables or their fiber reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"342","article-title":"A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"McMacken","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005497","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005497","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"4","author":"Yingli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01842-0","article-title":"Dietary fruit and vegetable intake, gut microbiota, and type 2 diabetes: Results from two large human cohort studies","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2388","article-title":"A Prospective Study of the Association Between Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stull, A.J. (2016). Blueberries\u2019 Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance. Antioxidants, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox5040044"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1518895","article-title":"Health promoting properties of blueberries: A review","volume":"60","author":"Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, S., Vieira, P., Gomes, P., Viana, S., and Reis, F. (2021). Blueberry as an Attractive Functional Fruit to Prevent (Pre)Diabetes Progression. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081162"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6419","article-title":"Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health","volume":"33","author":"Durazzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024673","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries","volume":"16","author":"Skrovankova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.06.042","article-title":"Seasonal variations of the phenolic constituents in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) leaves, stems and fruits, and their antioxidant activity","volume":"213","author":"Bujor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.12.036","article-title":"Blueberry as a source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and chronic inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.1021\/jf203488k","article-title":"Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives","volume":"60","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, S., Viana, S.D., Pregui\u00e7a, I., Alves, A., Fernandes, R., Teodoro, J.S., Figueirinha, A., Salgueiro, L., Silva, S., and Jarak, I. (2020). Blueberry Consumption Challenges Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Elicits Transcriptomics Reprogramming in Healthy Wistar Rats. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12111094"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Couto, J., Figueirinha, A., Batista, M.T., Paranhos, A., Nunes, C., Gon\u00e7alves, L.M., Marto, J., Fitas, M., Pinto, P., and Ribeiro, H.M. (2020). Fragaria vesca L. Extract: A Promising Cosmetic Ingredient with Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020154"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"du Sert, N.P., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M., Browne, W.J., Clark, A., Cuthill, I.C., and Dirnagl, U. (2020). The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000410"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, S., Alves, A., Pregui\u00e7a, I., Barbosa, A., Vieira, P., Mendes, F., Martins, D., Viana, S.D., and Reis, F. (2020). Crescent-Like Lesions as an Early Signature of Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Prediabetes Induced by a Hypercaloric Diet. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040881"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511002406","article-title":"Chronic caffeine intake decreases circulating catecholamines and prevents diet-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats","volume":"107","author":"Conde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-16","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome markers in wistar rats of different ages","volume":"4","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-6-6","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging in an experimental model of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis in rats","volume":"6","author":"Lessa","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Veter- Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: The FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"4128152","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Indexes for Diagnosis of Health or Disease in Humans","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.07.028","article-title":"Senescence and declining reproductive potential: Insight into molecular mechanisms through testicular metabolomics","volume":"1864","author":"Jarak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D521","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl923","article-title":"HMDB: The Human Metabolome Database","volume":"35","author":"Wishart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1021\/ac048630x","article-title":"Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy: An Exploratory Approach for Latent Biomarker Identification from Metabolic 1H NMR Data Sets","volume":"77","author":"Cloarec","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-007-0082-2","article-title":"Proposed minimum reporting standards for chemical analysis","volume":"3","author":"Sumner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2009.11.012","article-title":"icoshift: A versatile tool for the rapid alignment of 1D NMR spectra","volume":"202","author":"Savorani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MB00414K","article-title":"PLS\/OPLS models in metabolomics: The impact of permutation of dataset rows on the K-fold cross-validation quality parameters","volume":"11","author":"Triba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. BioSyst."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S104623","article-title":"Safety profile of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with rosmarinic acid for oral use: In vitro and animal approaches","volume":"11","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561061","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.561061","article-title":"Effect of Clostridium butyricum and Butyrate on Intestinal Barrier Functions: Study of a Rat Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis With Intra-Abdominal Hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1061","article-title":"Fat Cell-Specific Ablation of Rictor in Mice Impairs Insulin-Regulated Fat Cell and Whole-Body Glucose and Lipid Metabolism","volume":"59","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11816","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000678R","article-title":"Liver CPT1A gene therapy reduces diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice and highlights potential lipid biomarkers for human NAFLD","volume":"34","author":"Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/57.1.177","article-title":"Bile acids affect liver mitochondrial bioenergetics: Possible relevance for cholestasis therapy","volume":"57","author":"Rolo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2010.04.006","article-title":"Indirubin-3\u2032-oxime prevents hepatic I\/R damage by inhibiting GSK-3\u03b2 and mitochondrial permeability transition","volume":"10","author":"Varela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57021-6","article-title":"Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction","volume":"177","author":"Gornall","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.09.002","article-title":"Berberine reverts hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in high-fat fed rats: A possible role for SirT3 activation","volume":"13","author":"Teodoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.07.008","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenols extract as a potential prebiotic with anti-obesity effects on C57BL\/6 J mice by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"64","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3970","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902852d","article-title":"Purified Blueberry Anthocyanins and Blueberry Juice Alter Development of Obesity in Mice Fed an Obesogenic High-Fat Diet","volume":"58","author":"Prior","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Park, H.J., Kang, S.N., Jang, S.-H., Lee, S.-J., Ko, Y.-G., Kim, G.-S., and Cho, J.-H. (2013). Blueberry Peel Extracts Inhibit Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Reduce High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069925"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx027","article-title":"Blueberry Supplementation Influences the Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet\u2013Fed Rats","volume":"148","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58863-1","article-title":"Wild blueberry proanthocyanidins shape distinct gut microbiota profile and influence glucose homeostasis and intestinal phenotypes in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice","volume":"10","author":"Daoust","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0292","article-title":"Blueberry Intake Alters Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity and Reduces Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats","volume":"14","author":"Seymour","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz031","article-title":"Role of fruit juice in achieving the 5-a-day recommendation for fruit and vegetable intake","volume":"77","author":"Benton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz041","article-title":"Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice","volume":"78","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12929","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69504-y","article-title":"Food texture influences on satiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13081","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13081","article-title":"Diet-induced rodent models of obesity-related metabolic disorders\u2014A guide to a translational perspective","volume":"21","author":"Alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.105155","article-title":"Dietary Blueberry Attenuates Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in High Fat-Fed Mice by Reducing Adipocyte Death and Its Inflammatory Sequelae","volume":"139","author":"DeFuria","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mykk\u00e4nen, O.T., Huotari, A., Herzig, K.-H., Dunlop, T.W., Mykk\u00e4nen, H., and Kirjavainen, P.V. (2014). Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) Alleviate Inflammation and Hypertension Associated with Developing Obesity in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114790"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.008","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenol-enriched soybean flour reduces hyperglycemia, body weight gain and serum cholesterol in mice","volume":"68","author":"Roopchand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20926","article-title":"Blueberries improve glucose tolerance without altering body composition in obese postmenopausal mice","volume":"23","author":"Elks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469059","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/469059","article-title":"Dietary Blueberry and Bifidobacteria Attenuate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats by Affecting SIRT1-Mediated Signaling Pathway","volume":"2014","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8185","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c01931","article-title":"Serum Ceramide Reduction by Blueberry Anthocyanin-Rich Extract Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Hyperlipidemia Mice","volume":"68","author":"Si","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.02.018","article-title":"Hypoglycemic activity of a novel anthocyanin-rich formulation from lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton","volume":"16","author":"Grace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.08.015","article-title":"Blueberry anthocyanins in health promotion: A metabolic overview","volume":"5","author":"Norberto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.149","article-title":"Antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of biotransformed blueberry juice in KKAy mice","volume":"33","author":"Vuong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200600166","article-title":"Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and their phenolic degradation products","volume":"109","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.205674","article-title":"Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Reduces Dyslipidemia, Enhances Antioxidant Capacity, and Prevents Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Patients","volume":"145","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12094","article-title":"Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Potential of Blueberry Extracts Against Key Enzymes Relevant for Hyperglycemia","volume":"39","author":"Pranprawit","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4051232","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4051232","article-title":"Blackberry and Blueberry Anthocyanin Supplementation Counteract High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Accelerating Energy Expenditure","volume":"2018","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.09.032","article-title":"Diabetic gut microbiota dysbiosis as an inflammaging and immunosenescence condition that fosters progression of retinopathy and nephropathy","volume":"1865","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guirro, M., Costa, A., Gual-Grau, A., Herrero, P., Torrell, H., Canela, N., and Arola, L. (2019). Effects from diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity can be ameliorated by fecal microbiota transplantation: A multiomics approach. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/654228"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2009.112","article-title":"Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet relevant to development of metabolic syndromes in mice","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, A.K., Cabral, C., Kumar, R., Ganguly, R., Rana, H.K., Gupta, A., Lauro, M.R., Carbone, C., Reis, F., and Pandey, A.K. (2019). Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092216"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02032","article-title":"Berry Polyphenols and Fibers Modulate Distinct Microbial Metabolic Functions and Gut Microbiota Enterotype-Like Clustering in Obese Mice","volume":"11","author":"Roquim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52678-5","article-title":"Effects of combined D-fagomine and omega-3 PUFAs on gut microbiota subpopulations and diabetes risk factors in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Hereu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.06.005","article-title":"Impact of different hypercaloric diets on obesity features in rats: A metagenomics and metabolomics integrative approach","volume":"71","author":"Guirro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.05.038","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function: Molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis","volume":"124","author":"Groschwitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.15436\/2376-0949.15.031","article-title":"Composition Diversity and Abundance of Gut Microbiome in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0495-2","article-title":"Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: A proof-of-concept exploratory study","volume":"25","author":"Depommier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-16-0054","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila improves metabolic profiles by reducing inflammation in chow diet-fed mice","volume":"58","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100536","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100536","article-title":"Decreased Abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila Leads to the Impairment of Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis in Lean Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109914","article-title":"Composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes by regulating intestinal microbiota and inducing GLP-1 secretion in db\/db mice","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.08.020","article-title":"Blueberry Extract Improves Obesity through Regulation of the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids via Pathways Involving FXR and TGR5","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntemiri, A., Ghosh, T., Gheller, M., Tran, T., Blum, J., Pellanda, P., Vlckova, K., Neto, M., Howell, A., and Thalacker-Mercer, A. (2020). Whole Blueberry and Isolated Polyphenol-Rich Fractions Modulate Specific Gut Microbes in an In Vitro Colon Model and in a Pilot Study in Human Consumers. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092800"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3658","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07637","article-title":"Effect of Blueberry Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts on Peripheral and Hippocampal Antioxidant Defensiveness: The Analysis of the Serum Fatty Acid Species and Gut Microbiota Profile","volume":"69","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5236149","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5236149","article-title":"Blueberry Attenuates Liver Fibrosis, Protects Intestinal Epithelial Barrier, and Maintains Gut Microbiota Homeostasis","volume":"2019","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.013","article-title":"Microbiota-Produced Succinate Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Intestinal Gluconeogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Zitoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03457F","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenols alter gut microbiota & phenolic metabolism in rats","volume":"12","author":"Cladis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2015_1154","article-title":"The impact of polyphenols on Bifidobacterium growth","volume":"62","author":"Gwiazdowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"905215","article-title":"Bioavailability of Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Metabolism: Antimicrobial Properties","volume":"2015","author":"Villar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.03.009","article-title":"Assessment of oxidative stress and inflammation in prediabetes\u2014A hospital based cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319320005","article-title":"Hyperglycemia-induced Oxidative Stress and its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Fiorentino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0962-7","article-title":"Mechanism underlying the antioxidant activity of taurine: Prevention of mitochondrial oxidant production","volume":"42","author":"Jong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2017.251","article-title":"Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent","volume":"26","author":"Schaffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1139\/Y08-110","article-title":"Role of antioxidant activity of taurine in diabetesThis article is one of a selection of papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Translational Knowledge for Heart Health (published in part 1 of a 2-part Special Issue)","volume":"87","author":"Schaffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.02.001","article-title":"Betaine chemistry, roles, and potential use in liver disease","volume":"1860","author":"Day","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1302","article-title":"Concentrations of Choline-Containing Compounds and Betaine in Common Foods","volume":"133","author":"Zeisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"2422","article-title":"Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation","volume":"1863","author":"Longo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.07.009","article-title":"Metabolic profiling of livers and blood from obese Zucker rats","volume":"44","author":"Serkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1021\/pr100892r","article-title":"Metabolomic Analysis of Livers and Serum from High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"G1068","article-title":"Betaine improves nonalcoholic fatty liver and associated hepatic insulin resistance: A potential mechanism for hepatoprotection by betaine","volume":"299","author":"Kathirvel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.11.007","article-title":"Betaine attenuates hepatic steatosis by reducing methylation of the MTTP promoter and elevating genomic methylation in mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-013-2775-x","article-title":"Betaine Protects Against High-Fat-Diet-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibition of High-Mobility Group Box 1 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Rats","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"G634","article-title":"Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: A mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"298","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, Y., Li, S., Na, L., Feng, R., Liu, L., Li, Y., and Sun, C. (2012). Mangiferin Decreases Plasma Free Fatty Acids through Promoting Its Catabolism in Liver by Activation of AMPK. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030782"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06220-0","article-title":"Hepatic metabolic effects of Curcuma longa extract supplement in high-fructose and saturated fat fed rats","volume":"7","author":"Tranchida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1073-0","article-title":"A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance","volume":"55","author":"Crescenzo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600721","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600721","article-title":"Chemoprevention of obesity by dietary natural compounds targeting mitochondrial regulation","volume":"61","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serrano, J.C.E., Cassany\u00e9, A., Mart\u00edn-Gari, M., Granado-Serrano, A.B., and Portero-Ot\u00edn, M. (2016). Effect of Dietary Bioactive Compounds on Mitochondrial and Metabolic Flexibility. Diseases, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases4010014"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie:2006025","article-title":"The Interaction of New Plant Flavonoids with Rat Liver Mitochondria: Relation between the Anti- and Pro-oxydant Effect and Flavonoids Concentration","volume":"61","author":"Lahouel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Therapies"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.05.017","article-title":"Polyphenols and mitochondria: An update on their increasingly emerging ROS-scavenging independent actions","volume":"559","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, T.W., Pereira, Q.C., Teixeira, L., Gambero, A., Villena, J.A., and Ribeiro, M.L. (2018). Effects of Polyphenols on Thermogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092757"},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"266","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipotoxicity","volume":"1801","author":"Schrauwen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0531-z","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis associated with decreased \u03b2-oxidation and mitochondrial function contributes to cell damage in obese mice after thermal injury","volume":"9","author":"Diao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-010-9284-9","article-title":"Effects of a high fat diet on liver mitochondria: Increased ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity and reactive oxygen species generation","volume":"42","author":"Cardoso","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.10.018","article-title":"Functioning of oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria of high-fat diet fed rats","volume":"1772","author":"Ciapaite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.020","article-title":"Liver adapts mitochondrial function to insulin resistant and diabetic states in mice","volume":"60","author":"Franko","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"E1782","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mitochondrial FAT\/CD36 content and palmitate oxidation are not decreased in obese women","volume":"292","author":"Holloway","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2021.100052","article-title":"High-fat diet activates liver iPLA2\u03b3 generating eicosanoids that mediate metabolic stress","volume":"62","author":"Moon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-013-9530-z","article-title":"Dietary fat, fatty acid saturation and mitochondrial bioenergetics","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2019.09.005","article-title":"Phenolic-enriched blueberry-leaf extract attenuates glucose homeostasis, pancreatic \u03b2-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet\u2013induced diabetic mice","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"745","article-title":"The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism","volume":"20","author":"Spinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0907","article-title":"Increased Hepatic CD36 Expression Contributes to Dyslipidemia Associated With Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"56","author":"Koonen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3999","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO00996H","article-title":"Freeze-dried strawberry and blueberry attenuates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Aranaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80036","article-title":"Effect ofVaccinium ashei readeLeaves on Lipid Metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats","volume":"72","author":"Nagao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, W.-J., Bian, Y.-P., Wang, Q.-H., Yin, F., Yin, L., Zhang, Y.-L., and Liu, J.-H. (2021). Blueberry-derived exosomes-like nanoparticles ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00681-w"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2020.03.38","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenols play a preventive effect on alcoholic fatty liver disease C57BL\/6 J mice by promoting autophagy to accelerate lipolysis to eliminate excessive TG accumulation in hepatocytes","volume":"9","author":"Zhuge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.118216","article-title":"Dietary Anthocyanin-Rich Bilberry Extract Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Mice","volume":"140","author":"Takikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7734","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c02842","article-title":"Characterization and Quantification of Nonanthocyanin Phenolic Compounds in White and Blue Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) Juices and Wines Using UHPLC-DAD\u2212ESI-QTOF-MS and UHPLC-DAD","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9834","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0623687","article-title":"Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea)","volume":"54","author":"Ek","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"776","article-title":"A comparison of fruit quality parameters of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) growing at different locations","volume":"95","author":"Schmitzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S863","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2017.1315592","article-title":"Phenolics and mineral content in bilberry and bog bilberry from Macedonia","volume":"20","author":"Stanoeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-160133","article-title":"Improved stability of blueberry juice anthocyanins by acidification and refrigeration","volume":"6","author":"Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Berry Res."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/12\/4192\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:34:39Z","timestamp":1760168079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/13\/12\/4192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu13124192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13124192","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]}}}