{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T22:14:14Z","timestamp":1762640054768,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the well-known benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), data on the sodium intake is scarce. This study aimed to quantify the association between sodium excretion and the adherence to the MedDiet in the elderly. A representative sample of 1500 Portuguese adults (\u226565 years) was assessed (1321 were eligible for the present analysis). A 24 h urine sample was collected and analysed for creatinine and sodium. Excessive sodium intake was defined as above 2000 mg\/day. The adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by the PREDIMED. A binary logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between urinary sodium excretion and the adherence to the MedDiet. Odds Ratios (OR) and respective 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Excessive sodium excretion was observed in 80.0% of men and 91.5% of women whereas a high adherence to the MedDiet was reported by 42.2% of women and 46.4% of men. After adjusting for confounders, excessive sodium excretion was associated with a high adherence to the MedDiet in men (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.03\u20133.65) but not in women. These results show that the MedDiet can be an important source of sodium and highlight the need for implementing strategies to reduce sodium intake when following a MedDiet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T01:06:54Z","timestamp":1640567214000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Urinary Sodium Excretion and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n.\u00b0 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Atividade F\u00edsica, Sa\u00fade e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6093-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita S.","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n.\u00b0 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0706-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3S, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3998-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa F.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAETA-INEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FCNAUP, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n.\u00b0 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402s","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1402S","article-title":"Mediterranean diet pyramid: A cultural model for healthy eating","volume":"61","author":"Willett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. 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