{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:06:56Z","timestamp":1778213216133,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":829,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:34:40Z","timestamp":1642970080000},"page":"484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Hrub\u0161a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Siatka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8443-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iveta","family":"Nejmanov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Vopr\u0161alov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Lenka","family":"Kujovsk\u00e1 Kr\u010dmov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Sokolsk\u00e1 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8283-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Matou\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Sokolsk\u00e1 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lenka","family":"Javorsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Sokolsk\u00e1 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2805-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Mac\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovsk\u00e9ho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0644-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mercolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUINTE, Toxicology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9344-5399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"M\u00e1\u0165u\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odboj\u00e1rov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovak 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