{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:55:44Z","timestamp":1760151344433,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010\u2014Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE), cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) and EXALAR 21 project financed by FE","scholarship SFRH\/BD\/144563\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010\u2014Health, Comfort and Energy in the Built Environment (HEBE), cofinanced by Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE2020), through Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) and EXALAR 21 project financed by FE","scholarship SFRH\/BD\/144563\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fulbright Portugal for the Fulbright Grant for Research","award":["Fulbright Grant for Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fulbright Grant for Research"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individual nutrients and bioactive compounds have been implicated in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are related to inflammation and asthma. However, evidence about the impact of diet is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related miRNA in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of school-aged children. This cross-sectional analysis included 150 participants aged 7 to 12 years (52% girls) from a nested case\u2013control study, which randomly selected 186 children attending 71 classrooms from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Dietary data were collected by one 24 h-recall questionnaire. Dietary acid load was assessed using the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Based on previous studies, eleven asthma-related miRNAs were chosen and analyzed in EBC by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. PRAL, NEAP and miRNAs were categorized as high or low according to the median. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between dietary acid load scores and miRNAs. Children in high dietary acid load groups (PRAL \u2265 14.43 and NEAP \u2265 55.79 mEq\/day) have significantly increased odds of having high miR-133a-3p levels. In conclusion, higher dietary acid loads possibly modulate asthma-related miRNAs of school-aged children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T01:53:54Z","timestamp":1646790834000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dietary Acid Load Modulation of Asthma-Related miRNAs in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca Castro","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia Basica e Clinica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5762-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Paci\u00eancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cavaleiro Rufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia Basica e Clinica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia Basica e Clinica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia Basica e Clinica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4150-4180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratorio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Saude Populacional (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade do Porto, 4150-4180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31861-4","article-title":"Primary prevention of asthma: From risk and protective factors to targeted strategies for prevention","volume":"396","author":"Smits","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S339","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201703-255AW","article-title":"The Impact of Diet on Immunity and Respiratory Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Wypych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. 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