{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1772764603935,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bettery, S.A."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to (i) characterise the body composition of professional and semi-professional male futsal players, (ii) assess the validity of commonly used equations to estimate FM%, (iii) develop and cross-validate a futsal-specific FM% prediction equation. In a cross-sectional design, 78 adult male futsal players were assessed for body mass, stature, skinfolds, and girths as per the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol and completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for reference body composition data. Using paired-sample t-tests, the FM% from the DXA and nine published equations were compared. New sport-specific models were developed by stepwise multiple regression. Existing equations were cross-validated using the least squares regression, concordance correlation coefficient, and the Bland\u2013Altman analyses. New equations were further cross-validated using the PRESS approach. None of the existing equations accurately predicted the DXA-derived FM% (p &lt; 0.001; R2 \u2264 0.76, SEE \u2265 1.59; CCC \u2264 0.83; bias = \u22128.2% to \u22121.3%, limited agreement, and varying trends). The novel Bettery\u00ae equation: \u22120.620 + (0.159 \u2217 \u03a34SKF [triceps, abdominal, iliac crest, and front thigh (mm)]) + (0.120 \u2217 waist girth (cm)), demonstrated a high accuracy (R2 = 0.85, SEE = 1.32%), a moderate strength of agreement (CCC = 0.92), no bias (0.2%), good agreement (\u00b12.5%), and no trend (r = \u22120.157; p = 0.170) against the DXA. The Bettery\u00ae equation is the first to allow for a valid and sport-specific assessment of FM% in male futsal players.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T04:35:17Z","timestamp":1666845317000},"page":"4514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development and Validation of an Anthropometric Equation to Predict Fat Mass Percentage in Professional and Semi-Professional Male Futsal Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-7479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Giro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bettery LifeLab, Bettery S.A., Porto Salvo, 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina N.","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bettery LifeLab, Bettery S.A., Porto Salvo, 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center on Sports, Physical Education, Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Campa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy"}]},{"given":"Diana A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Education and Social Sciences (ESECS), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5688-179X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida L.","family":"Cavaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bettery LifeLab, Bettery S.A., Porto Salvo, 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudos em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Almada, 2829-511 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clube Recreativo Le\u00f5es de Porto Salvo, Porto Salvo, 2740-025 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clube Recreativo Le\u00f5es de Porto Salvo, Porto Salvo, 2740-025 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudos em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Almada, 2829-511 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-1986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Estudos em Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Almada, 2829-511 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heitor O.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0230-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant M.","family":"Tinsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe J.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bettery LifeLab, Bettery S.A., Porto Salvo, 2740-262 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Atl\u00e2ntica\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio, F\u00e1brica da P\u00f3lvora de Barcarena, Barcarena, 2730-036 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410701287289","article-title":"Match analysis and heart rate of futsal players during competition","volume":"26","author":"Soto","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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