{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:57:28Z","timestamp":1760147848445,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50026\/2020","UIDP\/50026\/2020","2022.12249.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50026\/2020","UIDP\/50026\/2020","2022.12249.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014doctoral fellowship","award":["UIDB\/50026\/2020","UIDP\/50026\/2020","2022.12249.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50026\/2020","UIDP\/50026\/2020","2022.12249.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salt iodization programs are considered the most cost-effective measures to ensure adequate iodine intake in iodine-deficient populations. Portuguese women of childbearing age and pregnant women were reported to be iodine-deficient, which led the health authorities, in 2013, to issue a recommendation for iodine supplementation during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. In the same year, iodized salt became mandatory in school canteens. Of note, no regulation or specific programs targeting the general population, or the impact of iodized salt availability in retailers, are known. The present study analyzed iodized salt supermarket sales from 2010 to 2021 from a major retailer, identifying the proportion of iodized salt in total salt sales and its distribution in mainland Portugal. Data on iodine content were collected through the nutritional label information. Of a total of 33 salt products identified, 3 were iodized (9%). From 2010 to 2021, the weighted sales of iodized salt presented a growing tendency, reaching the maximum of 10.9% of total sales (coarse plus fine salt) in 2021. Iodized salt reached a maximum of 11.6% of total coarse salt in 2021, a maximum of 2.4% of the total fine salt in 2018. The overall sales of iodized salt and their contribution to iodine intake are extremely low, prompting additional studies to understand the consumer\u2019s choice and awareness of the benefits of iodized salt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15061324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T01:58:22Z","timestamp":1678240702000},"page":"1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Iodine Availability through Iodized Salt in Portugal: 2010\u20132021 Sales Evolution and Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6758-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarai Isabel","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Lopes","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Costeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira-Guimar\u00e3es, 4835-044 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano A.","family":"Bordalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS-UP) & CIIMAR, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-9177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-0615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8866-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Almeida","family":"Palha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center-Braga (2CA-B), 4710-243 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300176426","article-title":"Pregnancy and iodine","volume":"11","author":"Glinoer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.07.009","article-title":"The role of iodine in human growth and development","volume":"22","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. 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