{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1778201726633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that haemodialysis patients have an increased risk of trace element imbalances. Most studies have determined the concentration of trace elements in serum only, but most trace elements are not uniformly distributed between plasma and blood cells, which justifies separate analysis of the different compartments. In this study, we determined both the serum and whole blood concentration of a wide panel of trace elements (Li, B, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Pb) in haemodialysis patients and compared them with those of a control group. Whole blood and serum samples were collected during routine laboratory testing of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. For comparison purposes, samples from individuals with normal renal function were also analysed. Statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) were found between the two groups for whole blood concentrations of all analysed elements except Zn (p = 0.347). For serum, the difference between groups was statistically significant for all elements (p &lt; 0.05). This study confirms that patients on haemodialysis tend to present significant trace element imbalances. By determining the concentration of trace elements in both whole blood and serum, it was shown that chronic haemodialysis may affect intra- and extracellular blood compartments differently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T01:34:15Z","timestamp":1681695255000},"page":"1912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Further Evidence on Trace Element Imbalances in Haemodialysis Patients\u2014Paired Analysis of Blood and Serum Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-7022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Duro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-ENAS\u2014Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, Fernando Pessoa University, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas Dra. Matilde Sampaio, 5200-216 Mogadouro, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas Vale do Sousa, 4560-547 Penafiel, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (2013). 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