{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:06:34Z","timestamp":1769159194609,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"HSoil4Food\u2014Healthy soils for healthy foods","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"]}]},{"name":"HSoil4Food\u2014Healthy soils for healthy foods","award":["NORTE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE 2020"]}]},{"name":"HSoil4Food\u2014Healthy soils for healthy foods","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE 2020"]}]},{"name":"Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50016\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is studied mostly for its health benefits in preventing non-communicable chronic diseases, particularly within a Mediterranean dietary pattern. However, few studies have addressed the effect of EVOO in healthy individuals, prior to an established disease. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Northern Portuguese polyphenol-rich EVOO (NPPR-EVOO) consumption on various important clinical parameters in healthy adult volunteers. (2) Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention study assessed the impact of NPPR-EVOO for a period of 100 days. Serum total cholesterol, HbA1c, HDL-c, LDL-c, and CRP, and anthropometric measures\u2014waist and hip perimeters, hand grip strength, and body fat\u2014were assessed and food logs were analyzed. (3) Results: Serum HbA1c (5.12 \u00b1 0.32%; 4.93 \u00b1 0.24, p = 0.000) and LDL-c (96.50 \u00b1 28.57 mg\/dL; 87.41 \u00b1 31.38 mg\/dL, p = 0.017) significantly decreased following NPPR-EVOO. Also, daily energy significantly increased, but no changes in other dietary parameters, or anthropometry, were seen. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet did not explain the differences found in individuals regarding serum lipid profile and HbA1c, reinforcing the role of EVOO\u2019s effect. (4) Conclusions: NPPR-EVOO lowered the serum levels of LDL cholesterol and HbA1c, providing clues on the effect of EVOO-putative health benefits. These results pave the way for a deeper exploration of EVOO as a functional food.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T07:58:52Z","timestamp":1690531132000},"page":"3351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Metabolic and Analytical Changes of Healthy Volunteers upon Intake of Portuguese Extra Virgin Olive Oil: A Comparison Study between Pre- and Post-Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5040-735X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"El Maghariki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6348-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02975","article-title":"Introducing Olive-Oil Tourism as a Special Interest Tourism","volume":"5","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gavahian, M., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Lorenzo, J.M., Munekata, P.E.S., Garcia-Mantrana, I., Collado, M.C., Mel\u00e9ndez-Mart\u00ednez, A.J., and Barba, F.J. (2019). Trends in Food Science and Technology, Elsevier Ltd."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2023, June 29). Trade Standard Applying to Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils. Available online: http:\/\/www.internationaloliveoil.org\/."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Alcal\u00e1, L.M., Pimentel, L.L., Figueiredo, I., Pereira, J.A., Gomes, A.M., and Pintado, M. (2020). 10th National Meeting of Chromatography: Book of Abstracts, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"George, E.S., Marshall, S., Mayr, H.L., Trakman, G.L., Tatucu-Babet, O.A., Lassemillante, A.C.M., Bramley, A., Reddy, A.J., Forsyth, A., and Tierney, A.C. (2019). Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Taylor and Francis Inc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Lopez, C., Carpena, M., Louren\u00e7o-Lopes, C., Gallardo-Gomez, M., Lorenzo, J.M., Barba, F.J., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2020). Bioactive Compounds and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9081014"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127730","article-title":"The Decrease in the Health Benefits of Extra Virgin Olive Oil during Storage Is Conditioned by the Initial Phenolic Profile","volume":"336","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.04.004","article-title":"Olive Oil and Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Summary of an International Conference","volume":"Volume 28","author":"Visioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"El Maghariki, J.; Moreira, I.; Machado, M.; Coelho, M.; Correia, M.; Gomes, A. Exploring the Health Benefits of Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Lipid Profile, Polyphenols, and Nutritional Indices. APN meeting, 2023."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Organic Portuguese Extra Virgin Olive Oil Fatty and Polyphenol Profiles","volume":"29","author":"Correia","year":"2022","journal-title":"APN"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.07.013","article-title":"Consumption of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Phenolic Compounds Has Beneficial Antioxidant Effects in Healthy Human Adults","volume":"10","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac067","article-title":"Nutri-Epigenetic Effects of Phenolic Compounds from Extra Virgin Olive Oil: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Visioli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601532","article-title":"SHORT COMMUNICATION Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Are Absorbed from Moderate and Sustained Doses of Virgin Olive Oil in Humans","volume":"57","author":"Covas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.03.019","article-title":"Effects of High Phenolic Olive Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","author":"Hohmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522003634","article-title":"Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Improves HDL Lipid Fraction but Not HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Study (OLIVAUS)","volume":"130","author":"Sarapis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Otrante, A., Trigui, A., Walha, R., Berrougui, H., Fulop, T., and Khalil, A. (2021). Extra Virgin Olive Oil Prevents the Age-Related Shifts of the Distribution of Hdl Subclasses and Improves Their Functionality. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072235"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"380","article-title":"Determining the Correlation between Olive Oil Consumption, BMI, and Waist Circumference in the Adult Saudi Population","volume":"15","author":"AlKhattaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.23","article-title":"Extra Virgin Olive Oil Use Is Associated with Improved Post-Prandial Blood Glucose and LDL Cholesterol in Healthy Subjects","volume":"5","author":"Violi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7651","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095356","article-title":"Effects of Olive Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Function\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2017.12","article-title":"Olive Oil in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Intervention Trials","volume":"7","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.08.010","article-title":"Does a MediDiet with Additional Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios Reduce the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes?","volume":"28","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Deiana, M., Serra, G., and Corona, G. (2018). Food and Function, Royal Society of Chemistry."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-019-0549-z","article-title":"The Effects of Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Canola Oil on Inflammatory Markers and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"74","author":"Morvaridi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.02.017","article-title":"Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Consumption on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.07.001","article-title":"Impact of Different Types of Olive Oil on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521001513","article-title":"Effects of Supplementing a Healthy Diet with Pecan Nuts or Extra-Virgin Olive Oil on Inflammatory Profile of Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomised Clinical Trial","volume":"127","author":"Weschenfelder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2011). General Guidance for Stakeholders on the Evaluation of Article 13.1, 13.5 and 14 Health Claims. EFSA J., 9, 2135.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2135"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"WHO (1993). WHO Expert Commitee on Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry, WHO."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2011). Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, 8\u201311 December 2008, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2020.06.018","article-title":"Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Low-Fat Diet Adherence Questionnaire","volume":"39","author":"Vieira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115","article-title":"Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF): A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1517-9","article-title":"Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Improves Body Composition and Blood Pressure in Women with Excess Body Fat: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"57","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarapis, K., Thomas, C.J., Hoskin, J., George, E.S., Marx, W., Mayr, H.L., Kennedy, G., Pipingas, A., Willcox, J.C., and Prendergast, L.A. (2020). The Effect of High Polyphenol Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Australian Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082272"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.027","article-title":"The Mediterranean Diet Decreases Prothrombotic Microvesicle Release in Asymptomatic Individuals at High Cardiovascular Risk","volume":"39","author":"Crespo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biel, S., Mesa, M.D., de la Torre, R., Espejo, J.A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Navarro, J.R., Fit\u00f3, M., S\u00e1nchez-Rodriguez, E., Rosa, C., Marchal, R., and de Alche, J.D. (2016). The NUTRAOLEOUM Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial, for Achieving Nutritional Added Value for Olive Oils. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1376-6"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts","volume":"378","author":"Estruch","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00215-5","article-title":"Inflammation and Cholesterol as Predictors of Cardiovascular Events among Patients Receiving Statin Therapy: A Collaborative Analysis of Three Randomised Trials","volume":"401","author":"Ridker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708681","article-title":"Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet","volume":"359","author":"Shai","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mirabelli, M., Chiefari, E., Arcidiacono, B., Corigliano, D.M., Brunetti, F.S., Maggisano, V., Russo, D., Foti, D.P., and Brunetti, A. (2020). Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041066"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1844","article-title":"The Hemoglobin Glycation Index Identifies Subpopulations with Harms or Benefits from Intensive Treatment in the ACCORD Trial","volume":"38","author":"Hempe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A.S.e.A.d.C., Rodrigues, A.P.d.S., Rosa, L.P.d.S., Noll, M., and Silveira, E.A. (2020). Traditional Brazilian Diet and Olive Oil Reduce Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Severely Obese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051413"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet","volume":"368","author":"Estruch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Z. Gefassmed."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980429","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.980429","article-title":"The Clinical Impact of an Extra Virgin Olive Oil Enriched Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Syndrome: Lights and Shadows of a Nutraceutical Approach","volume":"9","author":"Seidita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/15\/3351\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:21:17Z","timestamp":1760127677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/15\/3351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15153351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15153351","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]}}}