{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T17:20:47Z","timestamp":1774459247973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Society for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","award":["Bolsa Dra. Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Barbas\/SPEDM\u20142016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bolsa Dra. Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Barbas\/SPEDM\u20142016"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Society for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["Bolsa Dra. Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Barbas\/SPEDM\u20142016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bolsa Dra. Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Barbas\/SPEDM\u20142016"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00709\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy is prevalent worldwide, but its consequences for maternal and child health are not clear. We aimed to investigate the impact of maternal iodine intake during pregnancy on the child\u2019s growth and neurodevelopment. This study involved a cohort of 11-year-old children (n = 70) whose mothers had participated in an iodine intake survey during pregnancy. Gestational, neonatal, anthropometric, intelligence quotient (IQ), and socioeconomic parameters were analyzed according to maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC). There was a positive linear trend of current height Z-score, full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, family income, maternal education, and a negative trend of neonatal TSH levels with increasing maternal UIC levels. However, regression analysis indicated that maternal UIC was not an independent predictor of any gestational, neonatal, or childhood development parameter. Only maternal school education was positively associated with child height and IQ. In conclusion, we did not find any evidence of a direct effect of maternal iodine intake during pregnancy on the long-term growth and neurodevelopment of children. The results suggest that socioeconomic factors are important confounding factors that affect both maternal iodine intake and child development and must be considered when investigating the association between maternal iodine intake and child outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1697786722000},"page":"4447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Maternal Urinary Iodine Concentration during Pregnancy and Its Impact on Child Growth and Neurodevelopment: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Carla A.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento da Sa\u00fade da Crian\u00e7a e da Mulher, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8653-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Prazeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Endocrinologia, Servi\u00e7o de Patologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Rastreio Neonatal, Metabolismo e Gen\u00e9tica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Rastreio Neonatal, Metabolismo e Gen\u00e9tica, Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Martinez-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento da Sa\u00fade da Crian\u00e7a e da Mulher, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Limbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Endocrinologia, Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-8900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel C.","family":"Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929176","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.929176","article-title":"Iodine Requirements in Pediatrics: From Fetal Life to Adolescence","volume":"13","author":"Iannuzzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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