{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:01:37Z","timestamp":1777510897203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":178,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014The Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/05021\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05021\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutrition and food literacy are two important concepts that are often used interchangeably, but they are not synonymous. Nutrition refers to the study of how food affects the body, while food literacy refers to the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to make informed decisions about food and its impact on health. Despite the growing awareness of the importance of food literacy, food illiteracy remains a global issue, affecting people of all ages, backgrounds, and socioeconomic status. Food illiteracy has serious health implications as it contributes to health inequities, particularly among vulnerable populations. In addition, food literacy is a complex and multidisciplinary field, and there are numerous challenges to health communication that must be addressed to effectively promote food literacy and improve health outcomes. Addressing food illiteracy and the challenges to health communication is essential to promote health equity and improve health outcomes for all populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1699356331000},"page":"4708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Nutrition and Food Literacy: Framing the Challenges to Health Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7204-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"iNOVA Media Lab, ICNOVA-NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Artes e Humanidades, Escola Superior de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o, Administra\u00e7\u00e3o e Turismo, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus do Cruzeiro\u2014Avenida 25 de Abril, Cruzeiro, Lote 2, Apartado 128, 5370-202 Mirandela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9227-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felisbela","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e Sociedade, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-168X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumantra","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NNEdPro Global Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University at Coleraine, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK"},{"name":"Fitzwilliam College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DG, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, P., Portillo, M.P., and Fern\u00e1ndez-Quintela, A. (2022). Resveratrol and wine: An overview of thirty years in the digital news. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315815"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, P. (2023). Food and nutrition literacy: Exploring the divide between research and practice. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12142751"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-09964-6","article-title":"Literacy critical to heart failure management: A scoping review","volume":"26","author":"Deek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980022000969","article-title":"Nutrition programmes for individuals living with disadvantage in supported residential settings: A scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Vaiciurgis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12479","article-title":"The impact of interventions to promote healthier ready-to-eat meals (to eat in, to take away or to be delivered) sold by specific food outlets open to the general public: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Summerbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00473-0","article-title":"Nutrition and healthy aging: A review","volume":"12","author":"Bojang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"68","article-title":"Food label nutrition literacy\u2014Tool development and assessment","volume":"56","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Can. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259","article-title":"Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century","volume":"15","author":"Nutbeam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.825668","article-title":"The relationship between health, education, and health literacy: Results from the Dutch Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2007.08.012","article-title":"Increasing nutrition literacy: Testing the effectiveness of print, web site, and game modalities","volume":"40","author":"Silk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.08.042","article-title":"Nutrition and health literacy: A systematic review to inform nutrition research and practice","volume":"112","author":"Carbone","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2015.04.328","article-title":"The nuances of health literacy, nutrition literacy, and food literacy","volume":"47","author":"Velardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Deer, F., Falkenberg, T., McMillan, B., and Sims, L. (2014). Sustainable Well-Being: Concepts, Issues, and Educational Practices, ESWB Press."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.01.010","article-title":"Defining food literacy and its components","volume":"76","author":"Vidgen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.05.007","article-title":"Defining food literacy: A scoping review","volume":"116","author":"Truman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3148\/cjdpr-2015-010","article-title":"Food literacy: Definition and framework for action","volume":"76","author":"Cullen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Diet. Pract. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"378","article-title":"Just a subtle difference? Findings from a systematic review on definitions of nutrition literacy and food literacy","volume":"33","author":"Krause","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidgen, H. (2016). Food Literacy: Key Concepts for Health and Education, Routledge. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315708492"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vettori, V., Lorini, C., Milani, C., and Bonaccorsi, G. (2019). Towards the implementation of a conceptual framework of food and nutrition literacy: Providing healthy eating for the population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245041"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1586\/14779072.2016.1107477","article-title":"Who will deliver comprehensive healthy lifestyle interventions to combat non-communicable disease? Introducing the healthy lifestyle practitioner discipline","volume":"14","author":"Arena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2013.05.007","article-title":"Practice paper of the academy of nutrition and dietetics abstract: The role of nutrition in health promotion and chronic disease prevention","volume":"113","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"Afshin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2003). Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Report of a Joint WHO\/FAO Expert Consultation."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13126","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13126","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers","volume":"21","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7528.1333","article-title":"Obesity, hunger, and agriculture: The damaging role of subsidies","volume":"331","author":"Elinder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x","article-title":"Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries","volume":"70","author":"Popkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9176-4","article-title":"The health equity dimensions of urban food systems","volume":"84","author":"Dixon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vidgen, H. (2016). Food Literacy: Key Concepts for Health and Education, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315708492"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02301-7","article-title":"Why is health literacy failing so many?","volume":"400","author":"Lancet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.05.027","article-title":"Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian diets","volume":"109","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305783","article-title":"Food insecurity, diet quality, home food availability, and health risk behaviors among emerging adults: Findings from the EAT 2010\u20132018 study","volume":"110","author":"Larson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.10.028","article-title":"The relationship of health\/food literacy and salt awareness to daily sodium and potassium intake among a workplace population in Switzerland","volume":"28","author":"Luta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review","volume":"11","author":"Sami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61514-0","article-title":"Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: Health effects and cost-effectiveness","volume":"376","author":"Cecchini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Mak, T.N. (2017). Food for the Aging Population, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014000962","article-title":"The relationship between food literacy and dietary intake in adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Vaitkeviciute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.07.003","article-title":"A time of change: Behavioral and neural correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive and aversive environmental cues","volume":"72","author":"Somerville","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2011.02035.x","article-title":"The framing of social class distinctions through family food and eating practices","volume":"59","author":"Wills","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2016.04.013","article-title":"Where are the schools? Children, families and food practices","volume":"40","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13186","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13186","article-title":"The impact of, and views on, school food intervention and policy in young people aged 11\u201318 years in Europe: A mixed methods systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Rose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Gustavsson, J., Cederberg, C., Sonesson, U., van Otterdijk, R., and Meybeck, A. (2011). Global Food Losses and Food Waste, FAO."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lins, M., Zandonadi, R.P., Strasburg, V.J., Nakano, E.Y., Botelho, R.B.A., Raposo, A., and Ginani, V.C. (2021). Eco-Inefficiency Formula: A method to verify the cost of the economic, environmental, and social impact of waste in food services. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061369"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124250","article-title":"Understanding food waste behavior: The role of morals, habits and knowledge","volume":"280","author":"Aydin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109521","article-title":"Sustainable and health claims vs sensory properties: Consumers\u2019 opinions and choices using a vegetable dip as example product","volume":"137","author":"Mora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12174","article-title":"Greenhouse gas emission estimates of u.s. dietary choices and food loss","volume":"19","author":"Heller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742170517000400","article-title":"Curbing food waste: A review of recent policy and action in the USA","volume":"34","author":"Walia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Agric. Food Syst."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125276","article-title":"The role of packaging in fighting food waste: A systematised review of consumer perceptions of packaging","volume":"281","author":"Brennan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Parmar, A. (2019). Saving Food, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amouzandeh, C., Fingland, D., and Vidgen, H.A. (2019). A scoping review of the validity, reliability and conceptual alignment of food literacy measures for adults. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040801"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"333","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the short food literacy questionnaire among university students","volume":"21","author":"Durmus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luque, B., Villa\u00e9cija, J., Ramallo, A., de Matos, M.G., Castillo-May\u00e9n, R., Cuadrado, E., and Tabernero, C. (2022). Spanish validation of the Self-Perceived Food Literacy Scale: A five-factor model proposition. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142902"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-018-0687-z","article-title":"Towards the measurement of food literacy with respect to healthy eating: The development and validation of the self perceived food literacy scale among an adult sample in the Netherlands","volume":"15","author":"Poelman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"671","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self-perceived Food Literacy Scale","volume":"22","author":"Baydur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeminian, L.B., Corona, L.P., Batista, I.D.N., Da Silva, M.C., and Da Cunha, D.T. (2022). Translation, adaptation, and validity of the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire for Brazil. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11243968"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwierczyk, U., Kobryn, M., and Duplaga, M. (2022). Validation of the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire in the representative sample of polish internet users. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159710"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.08.039","article-title":"A Short Food Literacy Questionnaire (SFLQ) for adults: Findings from a Swiss validation study","volume":"120","author":"Krause","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sponselee, H.C.S., Kroeze, W., Poelman, M.P., Renders, C.M., Ball, K., and Steenhuis, I.H.M. (2021). Food and health promotion literacy among employees with a low and medium level of education in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11322-6"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1108\/BFJ-09-2020-0845","article-title":"Food literacy and food choice\u2014A survey-based psychometric profiling of consumer behaviour","volume":"123","author":"Trieste","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Food J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27106","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27106","article-title":"Inequalities in health: Definitions, concepts, and theories","volume":"8","author":"Arcaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, January 23). Health Inequities and Their Causes, Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/facts-in-pictures\/detail\/health-inequities-and-their-causes."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61228-8","article-title":"WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide","volume":"380","author":"Marmot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146517746672","article-title":"Intersecting social inequalities and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood","volume":"59","author":"Hargrove","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2021.105180","article-title":"Do measures of healthy eating differ in survivors of early adversity?","volume":"162","author":"Marquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/hpja.414","article-title":"Can addressing food literacy across the life cycle improve the health of vulnerable populations? A case study approach","volume":"32","author":"Butcher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forray, A.I., Coman, M.A., Chereche\u0219, R.M., and Borzan, C.M. (2023). Exploring the impact of sociodemographic characteristics and health literacy on adherence to dietary recommendations and food literacy. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132853"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1089\/heq.2019.0041","article-title":"Social determinants of health inequities in indigenous canadians through a life course approach to colonialism and the residential school system","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Equity"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2008.01.003","article-title":"Health and nutrient content claims in food advertisements on hispanic and mainstream prime-time television","volume":"40","author":"Austin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.137","article-title":"Amount of Hispanic youth exposure to food and beverage advertising on spanish- and english-language television","volume":"167","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2017.1290217","article-title":"Targeting Hispanic adolescents with outdoor food & beverage advertising around schools","volume":"23","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethn. Health"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000355","article-title":"Fake nutrition\/health news, part 3: How (and why) did we get here?","volume":"54","author":"Rowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2020.2978043","article-title":"Food for thought: Fighting fake news and online disinformation","volume":"22","author":"Demestichas","year":"2020","journal-title":"IT Prof."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000521","article-title":"Fighting nutrition and health misinformation: Enlisting the public\u2019s help","volume":"57","author":"Rowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.01.025","article-title":"What information do consumers consider, and how do they look for it, when shopping for groceries online?","volume":"89","author":"Benn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13095","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13095","article-title":"Child feeding practices and concerns: Thematic content analysis of Thai virtual communities","volume":"17","author":"Supthanasup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Matern. Child Nutr."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104782","article-title":"The use of internet sources for nutritional information is linked to weight perception and disordered eating in young adolescents","volume":"154","author":"Moorman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12192","article-title":"Consumer health information seeking in social media: A literature review","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Inf. Libr. J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/1747-0080.12581","article-title":"Social media, body image and food choices in healthy young adults: A mixed methods systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Rounsefell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-022-00806-8","article-title":"Confronting potential food industry \u2018front groups\u2019: Case study of the international food information Council\u2019s nutrition communications using the UCSF food industry documents archive","volume":"18","author":"Steele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2017.01.011","article-title":"No fat, no sugar, no salt\u2026 no problem? Prevalence of \u201clow-content\u201d nutrient claims and their associations with the nutritional profile of food and beverage purchases in the United States","volume":"117","author":"Taillie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12522","DOI":"10.2196\/12522","article-title":"Consumer evaluation of the quality of online health information: Systematic literature review of relevant criteria and indicators","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klinker, C.D., Aaby, A., Ringgaard, L.W., Hjort, A.V., Hawkins, M., and Maindal, H.T. (2020). Health literacy is associated with health behaviors in students from vocational education and training schools: A Danish population-based survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020671"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.006","article-title":"Beyond fatalism: Information overload as a mechanism to understand health disparities","volume":"219","author":"Carmona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tartaglia, J., McIntosh, M., Jancey, J., Scott, J., and Begley, A. (2021). Exploring feeding practices and food literacy in parents with young children from disadvantaged areas. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041496"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/108107396128202","article-title":"The field of health communication today: An up-to-date report","volume":"1","author":"Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/108107396128211","article-title":"The status and scope of health communication","volume":"1","author":"Ratzan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Duffy, B.K., and Jackson, L.D. (1998). Health Communication Research: Guide to Developments and Directions, Greenwood Press."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Thomas, R.K. (2006). Traditional Approaches to Health Communication, Springer."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoller, H., and Dutta, M.J. (2009). Emerging Perspectives in Health Communication: Meaning, Culture, and Power, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203891223"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"1","article-title":"Communicating health: People, culture and context","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"China Media Res."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Schiavo, R. (2013). Health Communication: From Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21237","article-title":"Obesity and economic environments","volume":"64","author":"Sturm","year":"2014","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019002362","article-title":"Socio-economic and cultural disparities in diet among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Desbouys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.154","article-title":"Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in young individuals","volume":"15","author":"Andersson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30186-9","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults","volume":"6","author":"Lascar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0229-3","article-title":"Features of and preventive measures against hypertension in the young","volume":"42","author":"Kawabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res. Nat."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144610","article-title":"Social marketing in public health","volume":"26","author":"Grier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"3","article-title":"Social marketing: An approach to planned social change","volume":"35","author":"Kotler","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Mark. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/074391569401300109","article-title":"Social marketing\u2014Its definition and domain","volume":"13","author":"Andreasen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Public Policy Mark."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1108\/09654280710731548","article-title":"A systematic review of social marketing effectiveness","volume":"107","author":"Stead","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Educ."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aschemann-Witzel, J., Perez-Cueto, F.J., Niedzwiedzka, B., Verbeke, W., and Bech-Larsen, T. (2012). Lessons for public health campaigns from analysing commercial food marketing success factors: A case study. BMC Public Health, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-139"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.12.013","article-title":"Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Total diet approach to healthy eating","volume":"113","author":"Nitzke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2006.06.003","article-title":"Risky bodies: Public health, social marketing and the governance of obesity","volume":"38","author":"Herrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1524500412472493","article-title":"Healthy heroes, magic meals, and a visiting alien","volume":"19","author":"Stead","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Mark. Q."},{"key":"ref_105","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016). Food Literacy: How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior? Workshop Summary."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048719","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2022.1048719","article-title":"What, how, and where to eat is more than an individual choice: New ways to achieve healthy eating","volume":"6","author":"Ginani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2022.2091916","article-title":"A scoping review of emerging COVID-19 health communication research in communication and media journals","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2931","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e2931","article-title":"Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health","volume":"344","author":"Mytton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Online)"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.228","article-title":"Traffic-light nutrition labelling and junk-food tax: A modelled comparison of cost-effectiveness for obesity prevention","volume":"35","author":"Sacks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-021-00358-0","article-title":"Do taxes on unhealthy foods and beverages influence food purchases?","volume":"10","author":"Sacks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12123","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of food taxes and subsidies to improve diets: Understanding the recent evidence","volume":"72","author":"Thow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa067","article-title":"Effectiveness and feasibility of taxing salt and foods high in sodium: A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"11","author":"Dodd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakhimovsky, S.S., Feigl, A.B., Avila, C., O\u2019Sullivan, G., Macgregor-Skinner, E., and Spranca, M. (2016). Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce overweight and obesity in middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163358"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silver, L.D., Ng, S.W., Ryan-Ibarra, S., Taillie, L.S., Induni, M., Miles, D.R., Poti, J.M., and Popkin, B.M. (2017). Changes in prices, sales, consumer spending, and beverage consumption one year after a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Berkeley, California, US: A before-and-after study. PLoS Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002283"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp214","article-title":"Modelling income group differences in the health and economic impacts of targeted food taxes and subsidies","volume":"38","author":"Nnoaham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018000058","article-title":"Availability, quality and price of produce in low-income neighbourhood food stores in California raise equity issues","volume":"21","author":"Gosliner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/01944363.2016.1181000","article-title":"Do farmers\u2019 markets increase access to healthy foods for all communities? Comparing markets in 24 neighborhoods in Los Angeles","volume":"82","author":"Lowery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Plan. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, B., Lima, J.P.M., Baltazar, A.L., Pinto, E., and Fialho, S. (2022). Perception of Portuguese consumers regarding food labeling. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14142944"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012000900","article-title":"How well do Australian shoppers understand energy terms on food labels?","volume":"16","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2013.02.003","article-title":"Front-of-package references to fiber on foods in Canadian supermarkets highlight the need for increased nutrition knowledge among consumers","volume":"45","author":"Sacco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016003219","article-title":"Age differences in the use of serving size information on food labels: Numeracy or attention?","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac018","article-title":"Correlates of self-reported and functional understanding of nutrition labels across 5 countries in the 2018 international food policy study","volume":"152","author":"Bhawra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1086\/208563","article-title":"The effects of stimulus and consumer characteristics on the utilization of nutrition information","volume":"17","author":"Moorman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2013.04.262","article-title":"Sociodemographic differences in the comprehension of nutritional labels on food products","volume":"45","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1995.tb00052.x","article-title":"Consumer utilization of food labeling as a source of nutrition information","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raffoul, A., Gibbons, B., Boluk, K., Neiterman, E., Hammond, D., and Kirkpatrick, S.I. (2022). \u201cMaybe a little bit of guilt isn\u2019t so bad for the overall health of an individual\u201d: A mixed-methods exploration of young adults\u2019 experiences with calorie labelling. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13364-w"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2006.02.009","article-title":"Use of nutrition facts panels among adults who make household food purchasing decisions","volume":"38","author":"Blitstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1998.tb00402.x","article-title":"Consumers\u2019 Use of nutritional labels while food shopping and at home","volume":"32","author":"Nayga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.2000.tb00086.x","article-title":"Nutrition knowledge, gender, and food label use","volume":"34","author":"Nayga","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.1986.tb00377.x","article-title":"Search for nutrition information: A probit analysis of the use of different information sources","volume":"20","author":"Feick","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Consum. Aff."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.28.2.135","article-title":"Understanding and facilitating the usage of nutritional labels by low-literate consumers","volume":"28","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Public Policy Mark."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grubb, M., and Vogl, C.R. (2019). Understanding food literacy in urban gardeners: A case study of the Twin Cities, Minnesota. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11133617"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alpaugh, M., Pope, L., Trubek, A., Skelly, J., and Harvey, J. (2020). Cooking as a health behavior: Examining the role of cooking classes in a weight loss intervention. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123669"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-4046(06)60027-4","article-title":"Cooking classes increase fruit and vegetable intake and food safety behaviors in youth and adults","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2013.0076","article-title":"Cooking with kids. Positively affects fourth graders\u2019 vegetable preferences and attitudes and self-efficacy for food and cooking","volume":"9","author":"Lohse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child. Obes."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E193","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.140267","article-title":"The Impact of cooking classes on food-related preferences, attitudes, and behaviors of school-aged children: A systematic review of the evidence, 2003\u20132014","volume":"11","author":"Hersch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.10.004","article-title":"Perspectives on learning to cook and public support for cooking education policies in the United States: A mixed methods study","volume":"108","author":"Wolfson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgfs.2022.100515","article-title":"Sensory exploration of vegetables combined with a cookery class increases willingness to choose\/eat plant-based food and drink","volume":"28","author":"Youssef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gastron. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French, J., Blair-Stevens, C., McVey, D., and Merritt, R. (2009). Social Marketing and Public Health: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press. Available online: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/book\/38700\/chapter-abstract\/336375979?redirectedFrom=fulltext.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199550692.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013001365","article-title":"Eating for the better: A social marketing review (2000\u20132012)","volume":"17","author":"Carins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-4.6.435","article-title":"Project LEAN: A national campaign to reduce dietary fat consumption","volume":"4","author":"Samuels","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"45","article-title":"Project LEAN\u2014Lessons learned from a national social marketing campaign","volume":"108","author":"Samuels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30488-4","article-title":"California\u2019s \u201c5 a Day\u2014For Better Health!\u201d campaign: An innovative population-based effort to effect large-scale dietary change","volume":"11","author":"Foerster","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.55.1.33-40","article-title":"Evaluation of the energize your life! Social marketing campaign pilot study to increase fruit intake among community college students","volume":"55","author":"Shive","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Health"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.11.002","article-title":"Promoting healthy eating and physical activity short-term effects of a mass media campaign","volume":"32","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/15245000903038316","article-title":"Marketing fruit and vegetable intake with interactive games on the internet","volume":"15","author":"Buller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Mark. Q."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/15245004211042413","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a research-driven health communication campaign to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among SNAP-eligible Ohio adults","volume":"27","author":"Hofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Mark. Q."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.07.023","article-title":"Ability of a mass media campaign to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sugary drinks and obesity","volume":"67","author":"Boles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2014.04.294","article-title":"Local news media framing of obesity in the context of a sugar-sweetened beverage reduction media campaign","volume":"46","author":"Jeong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117117721320","article-title":"Do you know what your kids are drinking? Evaluation of a media campaign to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages","volume":"32","author":"Bleakley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117116639559","article-title":"our health is in our hands: A social marketing campaign to combat obesity and diabetes","volume":"30","author":"George","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619261","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.619261","article-title":"From salt to stroke\u2014Evaluation of a media campaign for sodium reduction in Philadelphia","volume":"8","author":"Klassen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.01.034","article-title":"Diet and public health campaigns: Implementation and appropriation of nutritional recommendations in France and Luxembourg","volume":"112","author":"Reckinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2021.101965","article-title":"Evaluating a social marketing campaign on healthy nutrition and lifestyle among primary-school children: A mixed-method research design","volume":"89","author":"Nosi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eval. Program Plan."},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"1","article-title":"A decade of food and nutrition policy in Portugal (2010\u20132020)","volume":"38","author":"Freitas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Port. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"Greg\u00f3rio, M.J., Afonso Henriques, A.D., da Grac\u0327a Freitas, M., Mestre, R., Teixeira, D., Salvador, C., and Grac\u0327a, P. (2023). Programa Nacional Para a Promo\u00e7\u00e3o da Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Saud\u00e1vel 2022\u20132030, Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730801985285","article-title":"Randomized trial on the \u201c5 a Day, the Rio Grande Way\u201d website, A Web-based program to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in rural communities","volume":"13","author":"Buller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1148","article-title":"Rural eHealth nutrition education for limited-income families: An iterative and user-centered design approach","volume":"11","author":"Atkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198116677216","article-title":"Engaging adolescents through participatory and qualitative research methods to develop a digital communication intervention to reduce adolescent obesity","volume":"44","author":"Livingood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2013.768731","article-title":"What kinds of website and mobile phone\u2013Delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want?","volume":"18","author":"Vandelanotte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Commun."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/2373379916661561","article-title":"Food logging and blogging toward healthier nutrition: Bringing the curriculum out of the classroom and into the 21st century","volume":"3","author":"Percoco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pedagog. Health Promot."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.04.017","article-title":"Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary","volume":"62","author":"Cairns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rowbotham, S., Astell-Burt, T., Barakat, T., and Hawe, P. (2020). 30+ years of media analysis of relevance to chronic disease: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8365-x"},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"e116","article-title":"Perceptions about disseminating health information among mommy bloggers: Quantitative study","volume":"20","author":"Kreps","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205630511988602","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305119886025","article-title":"Social media and teens: A needs assessment exploring the potential role of social media in promoting health","volume":"6","author":"Plaisime","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Media Soc."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loss, J., and Von Uslar, C. (2021). How German health insurance providers use social online networks to promote healthy lifestyles: A content analysis of Facebook\u00ae accounts. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01433-w"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2013.09.013","article-title":"Social media and nutrition education: The food hero experience","volume":"46","author":"Tobey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Educ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092839","article-title":"Learning the language of social media: A comparison of engagement metrics and social media strategies used by food and nutrition-related social media accounts","volume":"12","author":"Barklamb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.02.067","article-title":"Source does matter: Contextual effects on online media-embedded health campaigns against childhood obesity","volume":"60","author":"Meitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jenkins, E.L., Ilicic, J., Molenaar, A., Chin, S., and McCaffrey, T.A. (2020). Strategies to improve health communication: Can health professionals be heroes?. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061861"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8557","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228557","article-title":"Sorting the healthy diet signal from the social media expert noise: Preliminary evidence from the healthy diet discourse on twitter","volume":"17","author":"Lynn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daaa140","article-title":"COVID-19, a tale of two pandemics: Novel coronavirus and fake news messaging","volume":"36","author":"Atehortua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31533","DOI":"10.2196\/31533","article-title":"Use of social networks in the context of the dietitian\u2019s practice in Brazil and changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploratory study","volume":"6","author":"Sbardelotto","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Form. Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001141","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2020-001141","article-title":"Creating a culture of quality: Our experience with providing feedback to frontline hospitalists","volume":"10","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. Open Qual."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii33","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2012-001623","article-title":"The patient is in: Patient involvement strategies for diagnostic error mitigation","volume":"22","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. Qual. Saf."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12640","article-title":"How to practice person-centred care: A conceptual framework","volume":"21","author":"Santana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"183","article-title":"Perceived burden due to registrations for quality monitoring and improvement in hospitals: A mixed methods study","volume":"11","author":"Zegers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Policy Manag."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2017-007219","article-title":"Using a network organisational architecture to support the development of Learning Healthcare Systems","volume":"27","author":"Britto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. Qual. Saf."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/22\/4708\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:18:39Z","timestamp":1760131119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/22\/4708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"references-count":178,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15224708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15224708","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]}}}