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The evident etiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Currently, herbal medicine is gaining more interest as an alternative antidepressant. Oroxylum indicum, which is used in traditional medicine and contains a potential antidepressive compound, baicalein, could have an antidepressive property. An in vitro monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitory assay was used to preliminarily screening for the antidepressant effect of O. indicum seed (OIS) extract. Mice were subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) for 6 weeks, and the daily administration of OIS extract started from week 4. The mechanisms involved in the antidepressive activity were investigated. The OIS extract significantly alleviated anhedonia and despair behaviors in the UCMS-induced mouse model via two possible pathways: (i) it normalized the HPA axis function via the restoration of negative feedback (decreased FKBP5 and increased GR expressions) and the reduction in the glucocorticoid-related negative gene (SGK-1), and (ii) it improved neurogenesis via the escalation of BDNF and CREB expressions in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. In addition, an HPLC analysis of the OIS extract showed the presence of baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin as major constituents. All of the results obtained from this study emphasize the potential of OIS extract containing baicalin and baicalein as an effective and novel alternative treatment for MDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T05:04:56Z","timestamp":1699592696000},"page":"4742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antidepressant-like Effect of Oroxylum indicum Seed Extract in Mice Model of Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3112-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chorpeth","family":"Chalermwongkul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduated School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charinya","family":"Khamphukdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9926-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juthamart","family":"Maneenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-9953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Supawadee","family":"Daodee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"given":"Orawan","family":"Monthakantirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4065-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantana","family":"Boonyarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutthana","family":"Chotritthirong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduated School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5299-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Awale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0154, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anake","family":"Kijjoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Yaowared","family":"Chulikhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.013","article-title":"The Role of Depression in Unnatural Death: A Case-Based Retrospective Study","volume":"259","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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