{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:49:20Z","timestamp":1760143760394,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"]}]},{"name":"AgriFood XXI I&amp;D&amp;I project","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"]}]},{"name":"cLabel + Project","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000041","PO-CI-01-0247-FEDER-046080"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Food allergies are becoming ever more prevalent around the world. This pathology is characterized by the breakdown of oral tolerance to ingested food allergens, resulting in allergic reactions in subsequent exposures. Due to the possible severity of the symptoms associated with this pathology, new approaches to prevent it and reduce associated symptoms are of utmost importance. In this framework, dietary phenolic compounds appear as a tool with a not fully explored potential. Some phenolic compounds have been pointed to with the ability to modulate food allergies and possibly reduce their symptoms. These compounds can modulate food allergies through many different mechanisms, such as altering the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of potentially immunogenic peptides, by modulating the human immune system and by modulating the composition of the human microbiome that resides in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. This review deepens the state-of-the-art of the modulation of these mechanisms by phenolic compounds. While this review shows clear evidence that dietary supplementation with foods rich in phenolic compounds might constitute a new approach to the management of food allergies, it also highlights the need for further research to delve into the mechanisms of action of these compounds and decipher systematic structure\/activity relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T08:02:17Z","timestamp":1708070537000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Food Allergies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6860-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Food and Health Omics Group, Food and Agroecology Institute, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s\/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Food and Health Omics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"P\u00e9rez-Gregorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Food and Health Omics Group, Food and Agroecology Institute, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, s\/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain"},{"name":"Food and Health Omics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 32002 Ourense, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000389","article-title":"Recent Surveys on Food Allergy Prevalence","volume":"55","author":"Messina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.12.001","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: Summary of the NIAID-Sponsored Expert Panel Report","volume":"27","author":"Boyce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00789-4","article-title":"Microbial signature in IgE-mediated food allergies","volume":"12","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13389","article-title":"Early-life gut microbiome and egg allergy","volume":"73","author":"Fazlollahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.111","article-title":"Food allergy: Immune mechanisms, diagnosis and immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2017.09.003","article-title":"Oral Tolerance Development and Maintenance","volume":"38","author":"Wambre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.11.024","article-title":"The Natural History of Food Allergy","volume":"4","author":"Savage","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.08.010","article-title":"Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 in Effect","volume":"106","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_10_17","article-title":"The cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular disease I: Anatomy","volume":"3","author":"Chandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Circ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01853","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies","volume":"11","author":"Kreft","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2017.71104","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of food allergies. Position paper of the Food Allergy Section the Polish Society of Allergology","volume":"5","author":"Bartuzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Dermatol. Allergol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160124","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of food allergy","volume":"188","author":"Abrams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romani, A., Ieri, F., Urciuoli, S., Noce, A., Marrone, G., Nediani, C., and Bernini, R. (2019). Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds Found in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil, By-Products, and Leaf of Olea europaea L.. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081776"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinelli, S., Straface, E., Gambardella, L., Caruso, D., Falliti, G., Remigante, A., Marino, A., and Morabito, R. (2023). Aging Injury Impairs Structural Properties and Cell Signaling in Human Red Blood Cells; A\u00e7a\u00ec Berry Is a Keystone. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040848"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.5740\/jaoacint.19-0131","article-title":"Phenolic Substances in Foods: Health Effects as Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents","volume":"102","author":"Anastasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. AOAC Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623611","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2021.623611","article-title":"Use of Polyphenols as Modulators of Food Allergies. From Chemistry to Biological Implications","volume":"5","author":"Bessa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Sustain. Food Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165","article-title":"The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis","volume":"341","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.779569","article-title":"Food Allergens: Is There a Correlation between Stability to Digestion and Allergenicity?","volume":"56","author":"Madsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niewiem, M., and Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk, U. (2022). Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Allergic Diseases. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091893"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Qi, Y., and Zheng, H. (2022). Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061212"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.03.017","article-title":"Stability of allergens","volume":"100","author":"Pekar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2015.05.008","article-title":"Salivary amylase\u2014The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals","volume":"60","author":"Boehlke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-8476-1","article-title":"Characterization of the Human Upper Gastrointestinal Contents Under Conditions Simulating Bioavailability\/Bioequivalence Studies","volume":"23","author":"Kalantzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.065946","article-title":"Human pancreatic exocrine response to nutrients in health and disease","volume":"54","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053230X15024619","article-title":"Protein stability: A crystallographer\u2019s perspective","volume":"72","author":"Deller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-004-0042-0","article-title":"What makes a food protein an allergen?","volume":"4","author":"Bannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000481399","article-title":"Pepsin and Its Importance for Functional Dyspepsia: Relic, Regulator or Remedy?","volume":"36","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.005","article-title":"Food processing and allergenicity","volume":"80","author":"Verhoeckx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.2.882","article-title":"Protein Structure Plays a Critical Role in Peanut Allergen Stability and May Determine Immunodominant IgE-Binding Epitopes","volume":"169","author":"Sen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pali-Sch\u00f6ll, I., Untersmayr, E., Klems, M., and Jensen-Jarolim, E. (2018). The Effect of Digestion and Digestibility on Allergenicity of Food. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091129"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-023-01107-9","article-title":"Allergen Stability in Food Allergy: A Clinician\u2019s Perspective","volume":"23","author":"Koidl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1096-1269","article-title":"Stability of food allergens to digestion in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Astwood","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645465","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2645465","article-title":"Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals","volume":"2018","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.04.001","article-title":"Tight Junctions as Targets and Effectors of Mucosal Immune Homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13357","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13357","article-title":"Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions","volume":"91","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.12.005","article-title":"Kiwifruit cysteine protease actinidin compromises the intestinal barrier by disrupting tight junctions","volume":"1860","author":"Grozdanovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3260com","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 induces internalization of epithelial tight junction proteins via a macropinocytosis-like process","volume":"19","author":"Bruewer","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.002","article-title":"The Intestinal Epithelium: Central Coordinator of Mucosal Immunity","volume":"39","author":"Allaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.05.010","article-title":"The role of gastrointestinal permeability in food allergy","volume":"121","author":"Samadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy, Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.10.005","article-title":"Gastrointestinal digestion of food allergens: Effect on their allergenicity","volume":"61","author":"Moreno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052016","article-title":"Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells","volume":"203","author":"Worbs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00419-13","article-title":"All-trans-Retinoic Acid Imprints Expression of the Gut-Homing Marker \u03b14\u03b27 while Suppressing Lymph Node Homing of Dendritic Cells","volume":"20","author":"Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.016","article-title":"Intestinal Tolerance Requires Gut Homing and Expansion of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells in the Lamina Propria","volume":"34","author":"Hadis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2735","article-title":"How are T H 2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?","volume":"10","author":"Paul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.4441","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Dendritic Cells Promote Th2 Skewing via OX40L","volume":"180","author":"Berin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellenbogen, Y., Jim\u00e9nez-Saiz, R., Spill, P., Chu, D.K., Waserman, S., and Jordana, M. (2018). The Initiation of Th2 Immunity Towards Food Allergens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201804.0052.v1"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2020.12.6.1012","article-title":"Chitinase 3-Like 1 Contributes to Food Allergy via M2 Macrophage Polarization","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.01.011","article-title":"Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Critical for the Initiation of Adaptive T Helper 2 Cell-Mediated Allergic Lung Inflammation","volume":"40","author":"Halim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.021","article-title":"TH9 cells are required for tissue mast cell accumulation during allergic inflammation","volume":"136","author":"Sehra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.07.007","article-title":"IgE receptor signaling in food allergy pathogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Oettgen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cueva, C., Silva, M., Pinillos, I., Bartolom\u00e9, B., and Moreno-Arribas, M.V. (2020). Interplay between Dietary Polyphenols and Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030625"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.284091.116","article-title":"Metabolites: Messengers between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"30","author":"Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12204","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909122107","article-title":"Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota","volume":"107","author":"Round","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2014Masters of host development and physiology","volume":"11","author":"Sommer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249288","article-title":"Microbiota-Dependent Crosstalk Between Macrophages and ILC3 Promotes Intestinal Homeostasis","volume":"343","author":"Mortha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12235","article-title":"Th2-like chemokine levels are increased in allergic children and influenced by maternal immunity during pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Abelius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8723-y","article-title":"Microbiota and Food Allergy","volume":"57","author":"Shu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705206","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.705206","article-title":"Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis","volume":"12","author":"Arboleda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/ijos.2014.48","article-title":"The mucosal immune system in the oral cavity\u2014An orchestra of T cell diversity","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188454","article-title":"Reversible Microbial Colonization of Germ-Free Mice Reveals the Dynamics of IgA Immune Responses","volume":"328","author":"Hapfelmeier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.016","article-title":"Foxp3+ T Cells Regulate Immunoglobulin A Selection and Facilitate Diversification of Bacterial Species Responsible for Immune Homeostasis","volume":"41","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600165","article-title":"Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells","volume":"198","author":"Goverse","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.007","article-title":"An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System","volume":"122","author":"Mazmanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, K., Weber, K.S., and Johnson, S.M. (2020). Exposome and Immunity Training: How Pathogen Exposure Order Influences Innate Immune Cell Lineage Commitment and Function. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228462"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001443","article-title":"Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease Protection by the Human Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Depends on Polysaccharide A Expression","volume":"185","author":"Mielcarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201848009","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: Bacterial messengers modulating the immunometabolism of T cells","volume":"49","author":"Luu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01225","article-title":"Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of Microbial SCFAs on Intestinal Tolerance and Food Allergy","volume":"11","author":"Luu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.04.007","article-title":"Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis","volume":"164","author":"Sivaprakasam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.12.012","article-title":"The gut microbiome in food allergy","volume":"122","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy, Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.187","article-title":"Food allergy and the gut","volume":"14","author":"Szajewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15459","article-title":"Protective properties of polyphenols in food allergy: A review","volume":"78","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104169","article-title":"Prebiotic effect of dietary polyphenols: A systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Sugizaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"4742","article-title":"The role of diet on gut microbiota composition","volume":"20","author":"Ianiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12556","article-title":"The nutrition-gut microbiome-physiology axis and allergic diseases","volume":"278","author":"McKenzie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170317122913","article-title":"A Critical Review of Bioactive Food Components, and of their Functional Mechanisms, Biological Effects and Health Outcomes","volume":"23","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1546669","article-title":"Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: The role of metabolites","volume":"60","author":"Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-013-9689-x","article-title":"Optimisation and Use of Humanised RBL NF-AT-GFP and NF-AT-DsRed Reporter Cell Lines Suitable for High-Throughput Scale Detection of Allergic Sensitisation in Array Format and Identification of the ECM\u2013Integrin Interaction as Critical Factor","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109997","article-title":"Changes in structure and allergenicity of shrimp tropomyosin by dietary polyphenols treatment","volume":"140","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada, Y., Oh-Oka, K., Nakamura, Y., Ishimaru, K., Matsuoka, S., Okumura, K., Ogawa, H., Hisamoto, M., Okuda, T., and Nakao, A. (2012). Dietary Resveratrol Prevents the Development of Food Allergy in Mice. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044338"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1175-y","article-title":"Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.69.1974","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Polyphenol-Enriched Apple Extracts on Mast Cell Degranulation in Vitro Targeting the Binding between IgE and Fc\u03b5RI","volume":"69","author":"Tokura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.12.727","article-title":"Ferulic Acid Enhances IgE Binding to Peanut Allergens in Western Blots","volume":"123","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Carrillo-Lo, E.M., and Yahia, E.M. (2019). Postharvest Physiology and Biochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-019-00267-2","article-title":"Delivery of natural phenolic compounds for the potential treatment of lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"DARU J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2111106","article-title":"Polyphenols and Human Health: Prevention of Disease and Mechanisms of Action","volume":"2","author":"Vauzour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.10.057","article-title":"Bioactivity of phenolic acids: Metabolites versus parent compounds: A review","volume":"173","author":"Heleno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"79","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of phenolic compounds assessed by in vitro simulation methods. A review","volume":"64","author":"Tarko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rocz. Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Hig."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/07328303.2015.1137580","article-title":"Recent progress in the enzymatic glycosylation of phenolic compounds","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Carbohydr. Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"13","article-title":"Bioavailability and Metabolic Pathway of Phenolic Compounds","volume":"Volume i","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiological Aspects of Phenolic Compounds"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO01475E","article-title":"Gastrointestinal interactions, absorption, splanchnic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally ingested phenolic compounds","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_92","unstructured":"Bidlack, W.R. (2015). Casarett & Doull\u2019s Essentials of Toxicology, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-13-NT-006","article-title":"Green Tea Extract Affects the Cytochrome P450 3A Activity and Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin in Rats","volume":"28","author":"Misaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalbert, A., and Williamson, G. (2000). Bioavailability of Polyphenols. J. Nutr., 2073\u20132085.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.2073S"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6485","DOI":"10.1021\/jf902107d","article-title":"Interaction between Phenolics and Gut Microbiota: Role in Human Health","volume":"57","author":"Selma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1021\/np0504659","article-title":"Microbial and Enzymatic Transformations of Flavonoids","volume":"69","author":"Das","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2007.10.012","article-title":"Mono-O-methylated flavanols and other flavonoids as inhibitors of endothelial NADPH oxidase","volume":"469","author":"Steffen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10115002","article-title":"Methylation of Dietary Flavones Increases Their Metabolic Stability and Chemopreventive Effects","volume":"10","author":"Walle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkhalidy, H., Wang, Y., and Liu, D. (2018). Dietary Flavonoids in the Prevention of T2D: An Overview. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040438"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3227","article-title":"Bioavailability of Phloretin and Phloridzin in Rats","volume":"131","author":"Crespy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00020-3","article-title":"Quercetin Glucosides Interact with the Intestinal Glucose Transport Pathway","volume":"25","author":"Gee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1276","article-title":"Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers","volume":"62","author":"Hollman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00205-6","article-title":"Absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the gut and impact on health","volume":"56","author":"Scalbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00367-6","article-title":"Quercetin is recovered in human plasma as conjugated derivatives which retain antioxidant properties","volume":"426","author":"Manach","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24673","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161024673","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries","volume":"16","author":"Skrovankova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03773.x","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases","volume":"41","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1803199","article-title":"Dietary protein-phenolic interactions: Characterization, biochemical-physiological consequences, and potential food applications","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.019","article-title":"Protein structure modification and allergenic properties of whey proteins upon interaction with tea and coffee phenolic compounds","volume":"51","author":"Pessato","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.10.122","article-title":"Structure\u2013affinity relationship of the interaction between phenolic acids and their derivatives and \u03b2-lactoglobulin and effect on antioxidant activity","volume":"245","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103490","article-title":"Function, digestibility and allergenicity assessment of ovalbumin\u2013EGCG conjugates","volume":"61","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125025","article-title":"Peanut protein-polyphenol aggregate complexation suppresses allergic sensitization to peanut by reducing peanut-specific IgE in C3H\/HeJ mice","volume":"299","author":"Bansode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.06.015","article-title":"The effect of non-covalent interaction of chlorogenic acid with whey protein and casein on physicochemical and radical-scavenging activity of in vitro protein digests","volume":"268","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.04.044","article-title":"Bread enriched with quinoa leaves\u2014The influence of protein\u2013phenolics interactions on the nutritional and antioxidant quality","volume":"162","author":"Dziki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9810","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0515227","article-title":"Phospholipid Interactions Protect the Milk Allergen \u03b1-Lactalbumin from Proteolysis during in Vitro Digestion","volume":"53","author":"Moreno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.02.009","article-title":"A review on protein\u2013phenolic interactions and associated changes","volume":"51","author":"Ozdal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12320","article-title":"The Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in Protein Digestion and Processing Technologies to Improve Their Antinutritive Properties","volume":"17","author":"Velickovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7752","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2015232","article-title":"Effect of Milk and Brewing Method on Black Tea Catechin Bioaccessibility","volume":"59","author":"Miret","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.07.073","article-title":"Effects of a high fat meal matrix and protein complexation on the bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1)","volume":"142","author":"Ribnicky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"Hagerman, A.E. (2012). Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.08.008","article-title":"Influence of the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin on the function of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1A2 and 2B1","volume":"80","author":"Mandery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401311309020002","article-title":"Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Dietary Polyphenols","volume":"9","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207449","article-title":"Prostaglandins and inflammation","volume":"31","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16064567","article-title":"Curcumin: An Anti-Inflammatory Molecule from a Curry Spice on the Path to Cancer Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Basnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.03.018","article-title":"Apigenin protects ovalbumin-induced asthma through the regulation of GATA-3 gene","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11287","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2029225","article-title":"A Matured Fruit Extract of Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Stimulates the Cellular Immune System in Mice","volume":"59","author":"Karasawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.07.016","article-title":"Inhibition of pro-inflammatory markers in primary bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages by naturally occurring flavonoids: Analysis of the structure\u2013activity relationship","volume":"72","author":"Comalada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-007-6172-9","article-title":"Quercetin inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines through attenuation of NF-\u03baB and p38 MAPK in HMC-1 human mast cell line","volume":"56","author":"Min","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603050","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603050","article-title":"IgE and IgG Antibodies as Regulators of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions in Food Allergy","volume":"11","author":"Kanagaratham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Zhang, R., Liu, Y., Gao, J., Wu, Y., Tu, C., Chen, H., and Yuan, J. (2022). In Vitro Effect of Flavonoids on Basophils Degranulation and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage Induced by \u03c9-5 Gliadin-Derived Peptide. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11233857"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20121256","article-title":"Polyphenols differentially inhibit degranulation of distinct subsets of vesicles in mast cells by specific interaction with granule-type-dependent SNARE complexes","volume":"450","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00488-6","article-title":"Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities","volume":"21","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4526","article-title":"Ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the intestine drives TH1 cell induction and inflammation","volume":"358","author":"Atarashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.048","article-title":"The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis","volume":"182","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13449","article-title":"Oral microbiota maturation during the first 7 years of life in relation to allergy development","volume":"73","author":"Dzidic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067483","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1067483","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of oral microbiota in inflammatory diseases and allergic conditions","volume":"4","author":"Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.028","article-title":"Multidimensional study of the oral microbiome, metabolite, and immunologic environment in peanut allergy","volume":"148","author":"Ho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2021.03.006","article-title":"Impact of phenolic compounds in the digestion and absorption of carotenoids","volume":"39","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santonocito, S., Giudice, A., Polizzi, A., Troiano, G., Merlo, E.M., Sclafani, R., Grosso, G., and Isola, G. (2022). A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System\u2019s Response during Periodontitis. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122426"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b05466","article-title":"Inhibition of Oral Pathogens Adhesion to Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Wine Polyphenols Alone and in Combination with an Oral Probiotic","volume":"66","author":"Ferrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22994-3","article-title":"Effects of green tea on miRNA and microbiome of oral epithelium","volume":"8","author":"Adami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"srep44815","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44815","article-title":"Tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and virulence properties of Fusobacterium nucleatum","volume":"7","author":"Haas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2018.11.012","article-title":"Polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"132","author":"Bunte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60361J","article-title":"Phenolic compounds: Their journey after intake","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ide, M., Harris, M., Stevens, A., Sussams, R., Hopkins, V., Culliford, D., Fuller, J., Ibbett, P., Raybould, R., and Thomas, R. (2016). Periodontitis and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151081"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00174.x","article-title":"The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites","volume":"42","author":"Paster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00658","article-title":"Periodontitis Induced by P. gingivalis-LPS Is Associated with Neuroinflammation and Learning and Memory Impairment in Sprague-Dawley Rats","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-1052-x","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2017.1343143","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: A fundamental role in health and disease","volume":"11","author":"Vancamelbeke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willis, J.R., and Gabald\u00f3n, T. (2020). The Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: From Sequences to Ecosystems. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020308"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838639","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.838639","article-title":"Oral Fungal Infections: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"3","author":"Cannon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.91.423","article-title":"The mucosal immune system: From dentistry to vaccine development","volume":"91","author":"Kiyono","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07450","article-title":"Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis","volume":"456","author":"Bouskra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915047117","article-title":"Intestinal microbes influence development of thymic lymphocytes in early life","volume":"117","author":"Ennamorati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, L.W., Shi, Y., Paquette, A., Wang, L., Bammler, T.K., and Mao, Q. (2021). Key hepatic metabolic pathways are altered in germ-free mice during pregnancy. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248351"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1373","article-title":"Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system","volume":"4","author":"Macpherson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2006.10.002","article-title":"Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1348-8643(16)30024-6","article-title":"Human diseases, immunity and the oral microbiota\u2014Insights gained from metagenomic studies","volume":"14","author":"Idris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Sci. Int."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"366","author":"Pihlstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ptasiewicz, M., Grywalska, E., Mertowska, P., Korona-G\u0142owniak, I., Poniewierska-Baran, A., Nied\u017awiedzka-Rystwej, P., and Cha\u0142as, R. (2022). Armed to the Teeth\u2014The Oral Mucosa Immunity System and Microbiota. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020882"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0544-3","article-title":"The subgingival microbiome associated with periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00341-4","article-title":"Is the oral microbiome a source to enhance mucosal immunity against infectious diseases?","volume":"6","author":"Zenobia","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.09.001","article-title":"The human milk microbiota: Origin and potential roles in health and disease","volume":"69","author":"Langa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.0378","article-title":"Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome","volume":"171","author":"Pannaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0324-z","article-title":"Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy","volume":"25","author":"Feehley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.02.005","article-title":"The Treatment-Naive Microbiome in New-Onset Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Gevers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12542","article-title":"Increased risks of dental caries and periodontal disease in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Qiao, D., Chen, R., Zhu, F., Gong, J., and Yan, F. (2021). The Association between Periodontitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. BioMed Res. Int., 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6692420"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Due\u00f1as, M., Mu\u00f1oz-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Cueva, C., Jim\u00e9nez-Gir\u00f3n, A., S\u00e1nchez-Pat\u00e1n, F., Santos-Buelga, C., Moreno-Arribas, M.V., and Bartolom\u00e9, B. (2015). A Survey of Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Dietary Polyphenols. BioMed Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/850902"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.027847","article-title":"Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers","volume":"95","author":"Murri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00886G","article-title":"Red wine polyphenols modulate fecal microbiota and reduce markers of the metabolic syndrome in obese patients","volume":"7","author":"Cardona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effect of Proanthocyanidin-Rich Extract from Grape Seeds on Human Fecal Flora and Fecal Odor","volume":"13","author":"Yamakoshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol. Heal. Dis."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Li, Z., Chen, F., and Chai, Y. (2023). Polyphenols in Oral Health: Homeostasis Maintenance, Disease Prevention, and Therapeutic Applications. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204384"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1542-8","article-title":"Decaffeinated green and black tea polyphenols decrease weight gain and alter microbiome populations and function in diet-induced obese mice","volume":"57","author":"Henning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO01962B","article-title":"Bilberry anthocyanin extract promotes intestinal barrier function and inhibits digestive enzyme activity by regulating the gut microbiota in aging rats","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Q., Cheng, D., Huang, C., Li, Y., Lao, C., Xia, Y., Liu, W., Gong, X., Hu, D., and Li, B. (2019). Improvement of Colonic Immune Function with Soy Isoflavones in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061139"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14058","article-title":"Green Tea Polyphenols Modulate Colonic Microbiota Diversity and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Diet Treated HFA Mice","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_178","unstructured":"Pathak, S., Kesavan, P., Banerjee, A., Banerjee, A., Celep, G.S., Bissi, L., and Marotta, F. (2018). Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19320","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/4\/551\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:00:55Z","timestamp":1760104855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/4\/551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16040551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16040551","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-6643"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]}}}