{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:58Z","timestamp":1760144458997,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"]}]},{"name":"Programa Operacional Regional do Norte","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"]}]},{"name":"FEDER\/FNR","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000010","NORTE2020","EXALAR 21","EXALAR 21 02\/SAICT\/2017\u2014Project No. 30193"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood obesity has been associated with increased sodium intake. Nonetheless, evidence linking sodium intake to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Mass Percentage (%BF) remains limited, especially in the pediatric age group. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether there is an association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion with BMI and %BF in a sample group of children from the ARIA study. This cross-sectional analysis included 303 children aged 7 to 12 from across 20 public schools in Porto, Portugal. Weight and %BF were assessed using the Tanita\u2122 BC-418 Segmental Body Analyzer. Children\u2019s Total Energy Intake (TEI) was estimated through a single 24 h Recall Questionnaire, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion was estimated by a 24 h urine collection. The association of %BF and BMI with 24 h sodium excretion was estimated by a binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, physical activity, total energy intake, parental education, and 24 h urinary excreted potassium. There was a significant positive association between higher levels of urinary sodium excretion and higher %BF values, even after adjusting for confounders. However, the same was not observed for BMI. Our findings suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with higher values of %BF among children, regardless of TEI and potassium intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T06:21:12Z","timestamp":1713421272000},"page":"1197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Body Fat in School-Aged Children: Insights from the ARIA Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6113-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Immuno-Allergology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000528083","article-title":"Euroapean Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Developed in Collaboration with the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians","volume":"16","author":"Hassapidou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes. 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