{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:04:25Z","timestamp":1776211465835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04750\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2023.02362.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.02362.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Poor dietary choices have been rising concurrently with an increase in asthma prevalence, especially in children. Dietary indexes that simultaneously measure the healthiness and sustainability of dietary patterns have emerged to address the dual concerns of human and planetary health. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate adherence to a sustainable dietary pattern and its impact on airway inflammation and asthma. In this study, 660 school-aged children (49.1% females, 7\u201312 years) were considered. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess the association between diet and asthma and airway inflammation according to overweight\/obesity. Diet was evaluated through the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI). Higher scores represent a healthier and more sustainable diet. Three definitions of asthma were considered based on a self-reported medical diagnosis, symptoms, asthma medication, measured lung function, and airway reversibility. Airway inflammation was assessed by exhaled fractional nitric oxide (eNO). We considered two categories of body mass index: non-overweight\/non-obese and overweight\/obese. The associations between diet with asthma and airway inflammation were estimated using adjusted binary logistic regressions. The odds of having airway inflammation decreased with the increase in PHDI score. Moreover, children in the non-overweight\/non-obesity group in the fourth quartile of the PHDI had lower odds of having airway inflammation compared to children in the first quartile. Our study indicates that a healthier and sustainable diet is associated with lower levels of eNO, but only among children without overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T08:47:41Z","timestamp":1720774061000},"page":"2241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Planetary Health Diet and Its Association with Asthma and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7932-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6310-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Padr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2400-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Castro Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7294-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Immuno-Allergology Department, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e451","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30206-7","article-title":"Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: A global modelling analysis with country-level detail","volume":"2","author":"Springmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. 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