{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:32:52Z","timestamp":1760146372743,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["429823\/2018-5\u2014MCTIC\/CNPq No. 28\/2018","APQ-01168-18; 001\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429823\/2018-5\u2014MCTIC\/CNPq No. 28\/2018","APQ-01168-18; 001\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais\u2014FAPEMIG","award":["429823\/2018-5\u2014MCTIC\/CNPq No. 28\/2018","APQ-01168-18; 001\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["429823\/2018-5\u2014MCTIC\/CNPq No. 28\/2018","APQ-01168-18; 001\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Studies have shown a high prevalence of anemia and vitamin D insufficiency in older adults, and the literature suggests a relationship between these two conditions, as vitamin D insufficiency may impair erythrocyte synthesis. Food insecurity refers to the lack of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, which can directly affect health by worsening conditions such as anemia and vitamin D insufficiency. This study evaluated the association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia in older adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 430 individuals aged 60 and older, using personal interviews and blood tests for data collection. Anemia was identified with serum hemoglobin levels of &lt;12 g\/dL for women and &lt;13 g\/dL for men, while vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum levels &lt;30 ng\/mL. We used multiple logistic regression to analyze associations through Stata version 17.0 software. Results: The prevalence of anemia was identified in 14.7% of the sample, and vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 63.5%. We found an association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.2\u20134.7). In the final model, factors such as male sex (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5\u20134.9) and polypharmacy use (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0\u20133.9) were also associated, regardless of age group, food insecurity, and multimorbidity. Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency increased the likelihood of anemia among the older adults evaluated, suggesting that prevention and treatment strategies for anemia should consider vitamin D serum levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16213669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T11:52:47Z","timestamp":1730116367000},"page":"3669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Anemia in Older Adults: An Approach Considering Clinical Aspects and Food Insecurity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Cec\u00edlia Cougo","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Martins","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Talissa Vicente","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mariana Ara\u00fajo Vieira","family":"do Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Eliza de Souza","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligiana Pires","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sciences School, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6755-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Braga","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0316-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alasqah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, and Community Health, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1814-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Alqarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health, and Community Health, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najla A.","family":"Albaridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Zayed D.","family":"Alsharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e1batta Renata Pereira","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boccardi, V. (2019). Population Ageing: The Need for a Care Revolution in a World 2.0. 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