{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T18:46:46Z","timestamp":1770144406800,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older individuals, driven by a multifactorial etiology involving genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. Nutritional genomics, which studies gene-nutrient interactions, has emerged as a promising field for AMD prevention and management. Genetic predispositions, such as variants in CFH, C3, C2\/CFB, APOE, and oxidative stress pathways, significantly affect the risk and progression of AMD. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes findings from randomized controlled trials and recent advances in nutritional genomics research. It examines the interplay between genetic predispositions and dietary interventions, exploring how personalized nutritional strategies can optimize AMD management. Results and Discussion: The AREDS and AREDS2 trials demonstrated that supplements, including vitamins C, E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin, can reduce the progression to advanced AMD. Nutritional interventions tailored to genetic profiles show promise: CFH risk alleles may enhance zinc supplementation\u2019s anti-inflammatory effects, while APOE variants influence the response to omega-3 fatty acids. Adjusting carotenoid intake, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, based on genetic susceptibility exemplifies emerging precision nutritional approaches. Ongoing research seeks to integrate nutrigenomic testing into clinical settings, enabling clinicians to tailor interventions to individual genetic profiles. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of personalized interventions, investigate additional genetic variants, and develop tools for clinical implementation of nutrigenomics. Advancing these strategies holds the potential to improve patient outcomes, optimize AMD management, and pave the way for precision nutrition in ophthalmology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16234124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1732849028000},"page":"4124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nutritional Genomics: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4596-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1014-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Luz","family":"Cachulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-023-00355-0","article-title":"Interaction between Genetics and the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: The Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 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