{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:26:57Z","timestamp":1774250817678,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to identify the physical characteristics (anthropometric, somatotype, body composition) of orienteering athletes (OAs) and to compare them with nutrition knowledge (NK) and physical activity level (PAL). Methods: Data were collected from 58 subjects of seven countries, including Angola (n = 1), Brazil (n = 5), Poland (n = 1), Portugal (n = 26), South Africa (n = 1), Spain (n = 22) and Sweden (n = 2). The subjects included 10 elite (E) female (F) OAs [age: 25.5 \u00b1 6.4 years, body mass: 59.5 \u00b1 7.7 kg, stature: 168.1 \u00b1 6.5 cm, body mass index (BMI): 21.0 \u00b1 1.9 kg\/m2], 13 E male (M) OAs (age: 24.3 \u00b1 5.0 years, body mass: 65.0 \u00b1 5.5 kg, stature: 175.1 \u00b1 6.0 cm, BMI: 21.3 \u00b1 2.2 kg\/m2), 18 non-elite (NE) FOAs (age: 41.7 \u00b1 10.3 years, body mass: 60.6 \u00b1 8.5 kg, stature: 161.3 \u00b1 11.7 cm, BMI: 23.4 \u00b1 3.7 kg\/m2), and 17 NEMOAs (age: 37.2 \u00b1 14.6 years, body mass: 71.5 \u00b1 14.2 kg, stature: 174.0 \u00b1 8.8 cm, BMI: 23.6 \u00b1 4.1 kg\/m2). The participants were selected to ensure a diverse and representative sample of international-level orienteering athletes. Measurements were taken at two IOF world ranking events, the \u201cPortugal \u201cO\u201d Meeting (POM)\u201d and the \u201c35\u00b0 Trofeo Internacional Murcia Costa C\u00e1lida\u201d, where only top-ranked orienteers compete. The selected participants from these seven countries were among the registered athletes in these international competitions. The OAs were measured according to the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). NK was evaluated using the updated Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A\u2014NSKQ). PAL was assessed using the short version of the self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire\u2014Short Form (IPAQ\u2014SF). Results: The percentage of body fat (p &lt; 0.01) in MOAs was significantly lower than in FOAs. Endomorphy (p = 0.037) and mesomorphy (p = 0.025) in EOAs were significantly lower than in NEOAs, but ectomorphy (p = 0.038) was significantly higher. EMOAs are ectomorphic mesomorphs, while NEMOAs are balanced mesomorphs, EFOAs are central, and NEFOAs are endomorphic mesomorphs. Significant differences (p &lt; 0.01) were also observed in sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) among EOAs and NEOAs, with the former group achieving a higher percentage of correct responses. In the case of total nutritional knowledge (TNK), EOAs of both sexes scored significantly higher (p = 0.043) than their NEOA counterparts. A significant negative correlation was also observed between percentage of body fat (%BF) and metabolic equivalent (MET) in minutes per week (min\/week) (r = \u22120.39, p = 0.038), bone mass (BM) and MET-min\/week (r = \u22120.40, p = 0.033), and endomorphy and SNK (r = \u22120.38, p = 0.045) in FOAs. Among MOAs, the most significant findings included a negative correlation between age and METmin\/week (r = \u22120.49, p = 0.010), kilocalorie (kcal) per week (r = \u22120.46, p = 0.016), and SNK (r = \u22120.40, p = 0.029). Conclusions: The key findings indicate that EOAs have lower BF percentages and higher NK scores compared to NEOAs. These results on the physical characteristics of OAs and the score of PAL and classification of NK can be useful to coaches and sports scientists to improve orienteer\u2019s performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17040714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T11:31:17Z","timestamp":1739791877000},"page":"714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Relationship of Body Composition and Somatotype with Physical Activity Level and Nutrition Knowledge in Elite and Non-Elite Orienteering Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3459-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Esteve-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preparation and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eraci","family":"Drehmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preparation and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia \u201cSan Vicente M\u00e1rtir\u201d, 46900 Torrent, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6010-5002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir Schuindt","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Paran\u00e1, Uni\u00e3o da Vit\u00f3ria 84603-580, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro, Paracambi 26600-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Augusto Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7547-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Orienteering Federation (IOF) (2025, January 12). 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