{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:16:01Z","timestamp":1767896161172,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has physical, psychological and behavioral implications related to glycemic control and quality of life. Our aims were to evaluate glycemic control and disease-related quality of life among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to study their relationships with sociodemographic, clinical and anthropometric characteristics. Methods: Eighty-five participants (49.4% females, mean age 36 years, mean BMI 25.3 kg\/m2) attending endocrinology and\/or nutrition consultations at ULS S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o (Porto, Portugal) were assessed regarding quality of life (Diabetes Health Profile) and social desirability (Marlowe\u2013Crowne\u2019s scale). Anthropometric (weight and height), biochemical (A1c) and metabolic control data (time at glycemic target) were collected, as well as information on type and duration of insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, use of mobile applications for carbohydrate counting and perceived health status. Results: Older patients had higher BMI (r = 0.227, p = 0.037) and worse quality of life in the \u2018barriers to activity\u2019 domain (r = 0.290, p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, sociodemographic, clinical and quality of life characteristics significantly explained A1c (p = 0.046, \u03b72p = 0.271) and perceived health status (p = 0.012, \u03b72p = 0.313). Higher eating self-efficacy significantly explained better perceived health status (p = 0.006, \u03b72p = 0.105), but no variable independently had a significant effect on glycemic control. Conclusions: Glycemic control results from the interaction between various clinical features that must be considered in personalized approaches. Eating self-efficacy significantly explained perceived health status, and may represent a potential target for intervention among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17121951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1749208111000},"page":"1951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Glycemic Control and Quality of Life Among People with Type 1 Diabetes: Relationships with Insulin Therapy and Carbohydrate Counting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rui Jorge","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o S\u00e9rgio","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Local Health Unit of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Po\u00ednhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0036","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Sacks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024). 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