{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:53:31Z","timestamp":1775645611812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/4585\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/4585\/2025"]}]},{"award":["UID\/4585\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/4585\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: There is widespread agreement that age is a significant predictor of impaired response to nutritional support. This is generally attributed to anabolic resistance, with impaired absorption considered irrelevant\/non-existent. However, animal models demonstrate age-related structural changes in the intestinal mucosa that may reduce absorptive capacity. We aimed to evaluate potential histological changes in the duodenal mucosa associated with aging. Methods: We conducted a single-center observational cross-sectional study. Ambulatory younger (18\u201345 years) and older (\u226570 years) adults referred for upper endoscopy were included and underwent duodenal biopsies. Those biopsies were analyzed and compared for histological\/histomorphometric changes, including villus length. Clinical and laboratory data were also recorded. Results: One hundred patients were included (46 men\/54 women), 50 aged 18\u201345 years and 50 aged \u226570 years. There were no duodenal endoscopic changes. The median villus length was 0.35 mm (IQR 0.32\u20130.41 mm) in older people, lower than in younger adults (0.57 mm; IQR 0.47\u20130.68 mm) (p &lt; 0.001). In a multivariable regression model including age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index, age remained inversely associated with villus length (p &lt; 0.001). Older participants also exhibited lower hemoglobin, iron, folate, vitamin B12, albumin and vitamin D levels, despite normal inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Aging is associated with histological changes in the intestinal mucosa, including villus shortening. These findings support the concept of mucosal aging as a distinct biological process. Villus shortening may reflect reduced absorptive surface area and could contribute to age-related nutritional vulnerability, although its functional implications remain to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18081172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:49:44Z","timestamp":1775641784000},"page":"1172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age-Related Decline in Intestinal Villus Length: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Human Gut"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Vara-Luiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3749-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivo","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Pi\u00e7arra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Elisa","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Costa-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Patita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Mocanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2825-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Meira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinto-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6584-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Leskiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8318-0945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gomes-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-7028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Aging Lab, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"The ageing gastrointestinal tract","volume":"19","author":"Soenen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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