{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:28:57Z","timestamp":1789658937119,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iniciativa del fondo de innovaci\u00f3n para la competitividad 2022 financiada con recursos del Gobierno Regional de Magallanes y de la Ant\u00e1rtica Chilena, con aprobaci\u00f3n del consejo regional","award":["BIP 40042452-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIP 40042452-0"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049784n50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/049784n50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary factors may influence cognitive aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), but observational associations, mechanistic findings, and intervention effects should not be considered equivalent evidence. This critical narrative review examines how dietary patterns, micronutrient adequacy, and metabolic health may modify AD-related vulnerability. A targeted search of PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science through April 2026 prioritized systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized trials, and prospective cohorts. Mediterranean, Mediterranean\u2013DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), and healthful plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with better cognitive outcomes and lower dementia risk. However, evidence remains predominantly observational, and randomized trials have not consistently demonstrated prevention of cognitive decline. Strict vegan diets have not shown additional protection beyond high-quality plant-based diets and require careful attention to vitamin B12 and overall nutritional adequacy. Ketogenic diets and medium-chain triglycerides may increase cerebral ketone availability, but their cognitive benefits remain inconsistent, and disease modification has not been established. Although vitamin B12, folate, and vitamin D support neural and metabolic functions, correcting deficiency should not be equated with treating AD. Overall, nutrition should be viewed as a contributor to cardiometabolic and neurological resilience and as part of person-centered dementia care, rather than as a stand-alone disease-modifying therapy. Future studies should integrate accurate dietary assessment, objective adherence measures, metabolic phenotyping, AD biomarkers, and clinically meaningful outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18183025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:58:59Z","timestamp":1789545539000},"page":"3025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Patterns, Micronutrient Adequacy, and Metabolic Vulnerability in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Critical Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Isidora","family":"Sierralta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Salud, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Salud, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evrim","family":"Servili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Salud, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1160-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Ormazabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianela","family":"Bast\u00edas-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), E-28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Ciencias Alimentarias (NINCAL), Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 7500975, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7796-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Cisternas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nutrici\u00f3n y Ciencias Alimentarias (NINCAL), Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 7500975, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibaldo C.","family":"Inestrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Santiago 7500975, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2026). 2026 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. 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