{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:13:01Z","timestamp":1792789981521,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng [2025] General 107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng [2025] General 107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng [2025] General 107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Zhi Cheng [2025] General 107"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00kwnh405","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Health Commission of Guizhou Province","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027yzwq33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027yzwq33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Whether distinct dietary indices are similarly associated with cognitive domains and whether these associations vary by age remain unclear. We examined the Chinese MIND diet score (cMIND), dietary diversity score, and healthy plant-based diet index (HPDI) in relation to cognition among older Chinese adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 9615 adults aged 65 years or older from the 2021 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Global cognition and four cognitive domains were assessed using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination. Sampling-weighted linear regression models evaluated each dietary index separately. Primary associations were estimated per 1-SD increment. Diet-by-age interactions were examined for global cognition, with complementary and sensitivity analyses. Results: All three dietary indices were positively associated with global cognition. Per 1-SD increment, adjusted \u03b2 coefficients were 0.355 (95% CI 0.147 to 0.563) for cMIND, 0.342 (0.119 to 0.565) for dietary diversity, and 0.388 (0.132 to 0.643) for HPDI. All three indices were positively associated with attention, executive, and visuospatial function, while dietary diversity and HPDI were additionally associated with orientation. Formal comparisons showed no evidence that standardized associations differed across indices. Significant diet-by-age interactions were observed for all three indices, with more positive associations with global cognition at older ages (all interaction p &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analyses yielded broadly consistent findings. Conclusions: Higher cMIND, dietary diversity, and HPDI scores were associated with better global cognition, with statistical evidence of age-related heterogeneity in these cross-sectional associations across all three indices. These findings highlight the importance of considering dietary dimensions and age when characterizing diet\u2013cognition relationships in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu18203365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T09:27:22Z","timestamp":1791970042000},"page":"3365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Distinct Dietary Indices with Global and Domain-Specific Cognition and Age-Related Heterogeneity in Older Chinese Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yiya","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e70126","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and dementia: Diagnosis, assessment, and disease monitoring global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other dementias (ADODs) and their risk factors, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-01036-9","article-title":"Diets to promote healthy brain ageing","volume":"21","author":"Charisis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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