{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:06:36Z","timestamp":1769879196685,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Action FA1403 \u2013 POSITIVe"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Action FA1403 \u2013 POSITIVe"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several  epidemiological  studies  have  linked  flavonols  with  decreased  risk  of  cardiovascular  disease  (CVD).  However,  some  heterogeneity  in  the  individual  physiological  responses to the consumption of these compounds has been identified. This meta\u2010analysis aimed to  study the effect of flavonol supplementation on biomarkers of CVD risk such as, blood lipids, blood  pressure and plasma glucose, as well as factors affecting their inter\u2010individual variability. Data from  18 human randomized controlled trials were pooled and the effect was estimated using fixed or  random effects meta\u2010analysis model and reported as difference in means (DM). Variability in the  response of blood lipids to supplementation with flavonols was assessed by stratifying various  population subgroups: age, sex, country, and health status. Results showed significant reductions  in total cholesterol (DM = \u22120.10 mmol\/L; 95% CI: \u22120.20, \u22120.01), LDL cholesterol (DM = \u22120.14 mmol\/L;  Nutrients 2017, 9, 117  2 of 21    95% CI: \u22120.21, 0.07), and triacylglycerol (DM = \u22120.10 mmol\/L; 95% CI: \u22120.18, 0.03), and a significant  increase in HDL cholesterol (DM = 0.05 mmol\/L; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07). A significant reduction was also  observed in fasting plasma glucose (DM = \u22120.18 mmol\/L; 95%CI: \u22120.29, \u22120.08), and in blood pressure  (SBP: DM = \u22124.84 mmHg; 95% CI: \u22125.64, \u22124.04; DBP: DM = \u22123.32 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.09, -2.55).  Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect of flavonol intake in participants from Asian  countries and in participants with diagnosed disease or dyslipidemia, compared to healthy and  normal baseline values. In conclusion, flavonol consumption improved biomarkers of CVD risk,  however, country of origin and health status may influence the effect of flavonol intake on blood  lipid levels<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9020117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T05:27:09Z","timestamp":1486704429000},"page":"117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Impact of Flavonols on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers:  A Meta\u2010Analysis of Randomized Controlled Human  Trials to Explore the Role of Inter\u2010Individual  Variability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BET\/ITQB, Molecular Nutrition & Health Laboratory, 2780\u2010157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rodriguez\u2010Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2610-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Kaltsatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FAME Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Volos, Greece"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Sarr\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEBAS\u2010CSIC, E\u201030100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Arno","family":"Greyling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unilever R&D, 3133AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0029-1189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoforos","family":"Giannaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nicosia, CY1700 Engomi, Cyprus"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Andres\u2010Lacueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Milenkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F\u201063000 Clermont\u2010Ferrand, Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Auvergne, Unit\u00e9 de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F\u201063000 Clermont\u2010Ferrand, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"Gibney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Dublin, D4 Dublin, Ireland"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167\u2014RID\u2010AGE\u2014Facteurs de Risque et D\u00e9terminants Mol\u00e9culaires des Maladies Li\u00e9es au Vieillissement, F\u201059000 Lille, France"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Sch\u00e4r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1330-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Garcia\u2010Aloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Campus Torribera, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-3855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Palma\u2010Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Ruskovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, Macedonia"}]},{"given":"Viktorija","family":"Maksimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goce Delcev University, 2000 Stip, Macedonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9302-8971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Combet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BET\/ITQB, Molecular Nutrition & Health Laboratory, 2780\u2010157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Santarem, ESA, Department of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, 2001\u2010904 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e6","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142013 update: A report from the american heart association","volume":"127","author":"Go","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001097","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001097","article-title":"Challenges of ascertaining national trends in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the united states","volume":"3","author":"Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs092","article-title":"European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)","volume":"33","author":"Perk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone, N.J., Robinson, J., Lichtenstein, A.H., Merz, C.N.B., Blum, C.B., Eckel, R.H., Goldberg, A.C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., and Lloyd-Jones, D.M. (2013). 2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003029","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"72","author":"Woodside","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g4490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4490","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"349","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003922","article-title":"Fruit polyphenols and CVD risk: A review of human intervention studies","volume":"104","author":"Chong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Natural polyphenols and cardioprotection","volume":"11","author":"Lecour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075177","article-title":"A systematic review of the efficacy of bioactive compounds in cardiovascular disease: Phenolic compounds","volume":"7","author":"Aguilera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alissa, E.M., and Ferns, G.A. (2015). Dietary fruits and vegetables and cardiovascular diseases risk. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1040487"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.10.008","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous mediators of quercetin bioavailability","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, P., and Santos, C.N. (2017). Worldwide (poly)phenol intake: Assessment methods and identified gaps. Eur. J. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-016-1354-2"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0950-x","article-title":"Dietary polyphenol intake in Europe: The european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study","volume":"55","author":"Knaze","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-45144","article-title":"Effects of the flavonoid quercetin and its methylated metabolite isorhamnetin in isolated arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"69","author":"Ibarra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.11.004","article-title":"Effect of quercetin on altered vascular reactivity in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"73","author":"Ajay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116632","article-title":"Dietary flavonol intake may lower stroke risk in men and women","volume":"140","author":"Hollman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.009","article-title":"Flavonol intake and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.026","article-title":"Flavonols intake and the risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"222","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002713","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002713","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"5","author":"Serban","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc. Cardiovasc. Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahebkar, A. (2015). Effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.948609"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"MEDLINE, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"COPUS. Available online: http:\/\/www.scopus.com."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Web of Knowledge. Available online: http:\/\/apps.webofknowledge.com."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Clinical Trials.gov, Available online: (https :\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/)."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Available online: www.who.int\/trialsearch\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., Altman, D.G., and Sterne, J.A.C. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (Updated March 2011). Available online: www.handbook.cochrane.org."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"29","article-title":"Meta-analysis in medical research","volume":"14","author":"Haidich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Higgins, J., and Green, S. Assessing the quality of a body of evidence. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. Available online: www.handbook.cochrane.org."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509359127","article-title":"Quercetin reduces systolic blood pressure and plasma oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentrations in overweight subjects with a high-cardiovascular disease risk phenotype: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study","volume":"102","author":"Egert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2011.08.010","article-title":"Effect of quercetin on traits of the metabolic syndrome, endothelial function and inflammation in men with different apoe isoforms","volume":"23","author":"Pfeuffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002950","article-title":"Effects of a quercetin-rich onion skin extract on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in overweight-to-obese patients with (pre-)hypertension: A randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled cross-over trial","volume":"114","author":"Burak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.8.1162","article-title":"Nonalcoholic red wine extract and quercetin inhibit ldl oxidation without affecting plasma antioxidant vitamin and carotenoid concentrations","volume":"46","author":"Chopra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.098590","article-title":"Effects of the pure flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin on vascular function and cardiometabolic health: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"101","author":"Dower","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7364","DOI":"10.1021\/jf061889r","article-title":"Absorption of flavonols derived from sea buckthorn (Hippopha\u00eb rhamnoides L.) and their effect on emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease in humans","volume":"54","author":"Suomela","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0011-4","article-title":"Effect of a low dose of sea buckthorn berries on circulating concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and flavonols in healthy adults","volume":"48","author":"Larmo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515005310","article-title":"Quercetin lowers plasma uric acid in pre-hyperuricaemic males: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial","volume":"115","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2405","article-title":"Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects","volume":"137","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.3.593","article-title":"Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects","volume":"128","author":"Conquer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.05.009","article-title":"Dihydromyricetin improves glucose and lipid metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-015-0507-4","article-title":"Hypocholesterolemic efficacy of quercetin rich onion juice in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic adults: A pilot study","volume":"70","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2011.5.1.28","article-title":"Effects of daily quercetin-rich supplementation on cardiometabolic risks in male smokers","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2013.7.5.373","article-title":"Effect of onion peel extract supplementation on the lipid profile and antioxidative status of healthy young women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.04.020","article-title":"Effect of onion peel extract on endothelial function and endothelial progenitor cells in overweight and obese individuals","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.15430\/JCP.2015.20.3.202","article-title":"Antioxidative activity of onion peel extract in obese women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"777","article-title":"Does quercetin improve cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory biomarkers in women with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"4","author":"Zahedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"293","article-title":"The effect of quercetin on plasma oxidative status, C-reactive protein and blood pressure in women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Javadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12237","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: A statement by the American society of hypertension and the international society of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.18.S1.1","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists\u2019 guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of atherosclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Jellinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2015). Standards of medical care in diabetes: Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 38, S8\u2013S16.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-S005"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3945\/an.111.001271","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of quercetin to decrease blood pressure: Review of efficacy and mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Larson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315198","article-title":"Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with delphinidin, cyanin, and quercetin","volume":"78","author":"Parichatikanond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(09)70008-8","article-title":"Antihypertensive effects of the flavonoid quercetin","volume":"61","author":"Duarte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.11.018","article-title":"Effects of pomegranate juice on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"115","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2011.05.015","article-title":"The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"111","author":"Feringa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6251","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06251","article-title":"Effect of green tea consumption on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials","volume":"4","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.023457","article-title":"Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"95","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3380","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003380","article-title":"The effect of anthocyanins on blood pressure: A prisma-compliant meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"95","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2015.12.014","article-title":"Lipid profile changes after pomegranate consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"23","author":"Sahebkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515002603","article-title":"Soya products and serum lipids: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"114","author":"Tokede","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D., Chen, C., Wang, Y., Liu, J., and Lin, R. (2014). Effect of black tea consumption on blood cholesterol: A meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107711"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.15.1882","article-title":"Primary prevention of hypertension: Clinical and public health advisory from the national high blood pressure education program","volume":"288","author":"Whelton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.519","article-title":"2016 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL-cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: A report of the American college of cardiology task force on clinical expert consensus documents","volume":"68","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28202","article-title":"Short-term effect of cocoa product consumption on lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"92","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/9\/2\/117\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:27:51Z","timestamp":1760207271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/9\/2\/117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["nu9020117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9020117","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]}}}