{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:06:27Z","timestamp":1760299587197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The World Health Organization promotes salt iodisation to control iodine deficiency. In Portugal, the use of iodised salt in school canteens has been mandatory since 2013. The present study aimed to evaluate iodine status in school-aged children (6\u201312 years) and to monitor the use of iodised salt in school canteens. A total of 2018 participants were randomly selected to participate in a cross-sectional survey in northern Portugal. Children\u2019s urine and salt samples from households and school canteens were collected. A lifestyle questionnaire was completed by parents to assess children\u2019s eating frequency of iodine food sources. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The median UIC was 129 \u00b5g\/L which indicates the adequacy of iodine status and 32% of the children had UIC &lt; 100 \u00b5g\/L. No school canteen implemented the iodised salt policy and only 2% of the households were using iodised salt. Lower consumption of milk, but not fish, was associated with a higher risk of iodine deficiency. Estimation of sodium intake from spot urine samples could be an opportunity for adequate monitoring of population means. Implementation of iodine deficiency control policies should include a monitoring program aligned with the commitment of reducing the population salt intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T10:31:08Z","timestamp":1493980268000},"page":"458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Iodine Status and Iodised Salt Consumption in Portuguese School-Aged Children: The Iogeneration Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Pestana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Virg\u00ednia","family":"Cruz Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2013Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Norberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8021-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE-Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Moreira-Ros\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Sintra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Castro Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Carlos Caldas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Integrated Paediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Fontoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Integrated Paediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine-Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Palmares Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Matias Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate-General of Education, 1049-005 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2013Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE-Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Calhau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine\u2013Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Nutrition &amp; Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.149393","article-title":"Global iodine status in 2011 and trends over the past decade","volume":"142","author":"Andersson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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