{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:47:25Z","timestamp":1776095245635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit\u2014UCIBIO","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}]},{"name":"CEECIND","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"IF2013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-BMA\/28630\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01739\/2017\/CP1387\/CT0041"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["IF\/00253\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00253\/2014"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["IF\/01373\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01373\/2013"]}]},{"name":"Aqua-CLIMADAPT","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/0592\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oceans"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The impacts of climate change-related stressors are becoming more noticeable in the ocean, particularly in coastal marine ecosystems. Yet limited information still exists on the physiological state and ecological resilience of marine fish species, especially during their early life stages (i.e., larvae and juveniles). The present study investigated the effects of chronic exposure to seawater warming (OW; \u0394T = +4 \u00b0C) and acidification (OA; \u0394pH = \u22120.3 pH units, equivalent to pCO2~1000 \u00b5atm), acting alone or combined (OWA), on juvenile zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus) physiological resilience, considering distinct levels of biological organization (i.e., biochemical, cell, organ and individual levels). After 60 days of exposure, both stressors, in isolation or combination, significantly decreased specific growth rate (\u221211% in OW, \u221242% in OA and \u221249% in OWA) and leukocyte counts (from \u221229% in OA and OWA up to \u221237% in OW) in relation to the control treatment. In addition, a decreased Fulton\u2019s condition index (K) was observed under warming and acidification in combination (\u221235% in OWA). At the cell level, OW, OA and OWA triggered different biomarker responses in D. cervinus (i.e., up-regulation, down-regulation, or absence of significant effect). In general, the results are suggestive of an antagonistic effect when warming and acidification are combined. OWA yielded the highest integrated biomarker response (IBR) index value in the whole organism, muscle, brain and gills of D. cervinus juveniles, therefore suggesting that the effects of these stressors are more severe when they act together. The distinct patterns observed in each stress scenario highlight the importance of carrying out further studies adjusted to the specificities of different regions, i.e., accounting not only for the type and degree of severity of environmental stressors already felt and\/or projected for that specific area, but also the physiological plasticity of species that inhabit a particular ecosystem. The gathered knowledge will allow one to determine the vulnerability of particular marine species and geographic areas and, most importantly, to draw up effective and tailor-made conservation strategies to overcome climate change impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/oceans5030033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T11:33:52Z","timestamp":1723030432000},"page":"571-590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrated Multi-Biomarker Responses of Juvenile Zebra Seabream (Diplodus cervinus) to Warming and Acidification Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio S.","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Av. General Norton de Matos S\/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2801-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Anacleto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Maulvault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO\u2014Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"IPMA, I.P., Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P., Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection, Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalh\u00e3es Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"628","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture","volume":"Volume 12","author":"Barange","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synthesis of Current Knowledge, Adaptation and Mitigation Options"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Core Writing Team, Lee, H., and Romero, J. (2023). Summary for Policymakers. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"FAO (2023, October 10). Fisheries and Aquaculture Information and Statistics Service. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/en\/information."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083073","article-title":"Acclimation Capacity Underlies Susceptibility to Climate Change","volume":"301","author":"Stillman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/19.1.211","article-title":"Behavioral Thermoregulation and the \u2018Final Preferendum\u2019 Paradigm","volume":"19","author":"Reynolds","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007676325825","article-title":"Temperature Tolerances of North American Freshwater Fishes Exposed to Dynamic Changes in Temperature","volume":"58","author":"Beitinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Biol. Fishes"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.591","article-title":"The stress response in fish","volume":"77","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.028","article-title":"An integrated biomarker-based strategy for ecotoxicological evaluation of risk in environmental management","volume":"552","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat. Res.\u2013Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"IUCN (2023, October 10). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. ISSN 2307-8235. Available online: https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025847401323","article-title":"On the Population Ecology of the Zebra Seabream Diplodus cervinus cervinus (Lowe 1838) from the Coasts of the Canarian archipelago, North West Africa","volume":"67","author":"Pajuelo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Biol. Fishes"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sbragaglia, V., Nu\u00f1ez, J.D., Dominoni, D., Coco, S., Fanelli, E., Azzurro, E., Marini, S., Nogueras, M., Ponti, M., and Fernandez, J.D.R. (2019). Annual rhythms of temporal niche partitioning in the Sparidae family are correlated to different environmental variables. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37954-0"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Reef Life Survey (2023, October 10). Diplodus cervinus. Available online: https:\/\/www.reeflifesurvey.com\/species\/diplodus-cervinus\/."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2307\/1446638","article-title":"Comparison of Methods for Determining Low Temperature Tolerance: Experiments with Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides","volume":"1992","author":"Bennett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Copeia"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106856","article-title":"Critical thermal maxima in aquatic ectotherms","volume":"119","author":"Cereja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3750\/AIP2014.45.2.05","article-title":"Mismatch in early life traits between settlers and recruits in a Mediterranean fish: Clue of the relevance of the settlement tail?","volume":"45","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ichthyol. Piscat."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2016.1143106","article-title":"Intertidal pools as alternative nursery habitats for coastal fishes","volume":"12","author":"Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2012.03.002","article-title":"Thermal tolerance and potential impacts of climate change on coastal and estuarine organisms","volume":"70","author":"Madeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sea Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00168-7","article-title":"A rapid and accurate spectroscopic method for alkalinity measurements in sea water samples","volume":"33","author":"Sarazin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Coutinho, F.F. (2012). Dietary Protein Requirements and Intermediary Metabolism Response to Protein\/Carbohydrate Ratio of Zebra Seabream (Diplodus cervinus, Lowe 1838) Juveniles. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa]."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Ferreira, P.M.P. (2009). Manual de Cultivo e Bioencapsula\u00e7\u00e3o da Cadeia Alimentar para a Larvicultura de Peixes Marinhos, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biol\u00f3gicos. IPIMAR."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations","volume":"191","author":"Ricker","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"93","article-title":"Organismic indices and an autopsy-based assessment as indicator of health and condition of fish","volume":"8","author":"Goede","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Fish Soc. Symp."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V26.2.215.215","article-title":"Brief Report: Simplified Myeloperoxidase Stain Using Benzidine Dihydrochloride","volume":"26","author":"Kaplow","year":"1965","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.03414","article-title":"Hematological, morphological and morphometric characteristics of blood cells from rhea, Rhea Americana (Struthioniformes: Rheidae): A standard for Brazilian birds","volume":"75","author":"Gallo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.02.016","article-title":"Ecophysiological responses of juvenile seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to increased temperature and dietary methylmercury","volume":"586","author":"Maulvault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(76)90747-6","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver","volume":"71","author":"Lawrence","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.08-162","article-title":"Efficient assay for total antioxidant capacity in human plasma using a 96-well microplate","volume":"44","author":"Kambayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-020-03770-2","article-title":"Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure","volume":"167","author":"Pegado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"32","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620210629","article-title":"Integrated biomarker response: A useful tool for ecological risk assessment","volume":"21","author":"Beliaeff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.023","article-title":"Fish energy budget under ocean warming and flame retardant exposure","volume":"164","author":"Anacleto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.06.016","article-title":"Integrated multi-biomarker responses of juvenile seabass to diclofenac, warming and acidification co-exposure","volume":"202","author":"Maulvault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.11.020","article-title":"Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological responses of juvenile white seabream (Diplodus sargus) exposed to triclosan, warming and acidification","volume":"245","author":"Maulvault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1995.tb06002.x","article-title":"Condition factor and hepatosomatic index as estimates of energy status in male three-spined stickleback","volume":"47","author":"Chellappa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, R.M.B., Monteiro, S.M.V., Cortes, R.M.V., Pacheco, F.A.L., and Fernandes, L.F.S. (2022). Seasonal Differences in Water Pollution and Liver Histopathology of Iberian Barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei) and Douro Nase (Pseudochondrostoma duriense) in an Agricultural Watershed. Water, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/w14030444"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tegomo, F.A., Zhong, Z., Njomoue, A.P., Okon, S.U., Ullah, S., Gray, N.A., Chen, K., Sun, Y., Xiao, J., and Wang, L. (2021). Experimental Studies on the Impact of the Projected Ocean Acidification on Fish Survival, Health, Growth, and Meat Quality; Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), Physiological and Histological Studies. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113119"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1163\/15685403-00003807","article-title":"Effect of carbon dioxide-induced water acidification and seasonality on the physiology of the sea-bob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Decapoda, Penaeidae)","volume":"91","author":"Augusto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crustaceana"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1890\/14-0559.1","article-title":"Temperature is the evil twin: Effects of increased temperature and ocean acidification on reproduction in a reef fish","volume":"25","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01253.x","article-title":"Interactive and cumulative effects of multiple human stressors in marine systems","volume":"11","author":"Crain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1465","article-title":"Reconceptualizing synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors","volume":"5","author":"Piggott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2014.08.001","article-title":"Neuroendocrine mechanisms for immune system regulation during stress in fish","volume":"40","author":"Nardocci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"349","article-title":"An overview on significance of fish nutrition in aquaculture industry","volume":"5","author":"Prabu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Fish. Aquat. Stud."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-023-01087-7","article-title":"Comparison of nutritional quality, flesh quality, muscle cellularity, and expression of muscle growth-related genes between wild and recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)-farmed black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00333","article-title":"Climate change and aquaculture: Considering adaptation potential","volume":"11","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01844.x","article-title":"Fuel, fasting, fear: Routine metabolic rate and food deprivation exert synergistic effects on risk-taking in individual juvenile European sea bass","volume":"80","author":"Killen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seibel, H., Ba\u00dfmann, B., and Rebl, A. (2021). Blood Will Tell: What Hematological Analyses Can Reveal about Fish Welfare. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.616955"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01987610","article-title":"Size and hematological impact of the splenic erythrocyte reservoir in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"9","author":"Pearson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.12717\/DR.2019.23.2.139","article-title":"Changes in Blood Cell Morphology and Number of Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara in Response to Thermal Stress","volume":"23","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.05.003","article-title":"The effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature levels on tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): Respiratory enzymes, blood pH and hematological parameters","volume":"44","author":"Kaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.07.002","article-title":"Stress and immune modulation in fish","volume":"35","author":"Tort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735093","article-title":"Extreme ambient temperature effects in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters","volume":"522","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateus, A.P., Power, D.M., and Can\u00e1rio, A.V.M. (2017). Stress and Disease in Fish. Fish Diseases, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804564-0.00008-9"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Rogers, C., and Basurco, B. (2009). Antimicrobial agents in aquaculture: Practice, needs and issues. The Use of Veterinary Drugs and Vaccines in Mediterranean Aquaculture, CIHEAM. Options Mediterr.: S\u00e9rie A. S\u00e9minaires, M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens; n., 86."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-010-9279-x","article-title":"Immunological Control of Fish Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12365","article-title":"Sustainable aquaculture requires environmental-friendly treatment strategies for fish diseases","volume":"12","author":"Lieke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (2015). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198717478.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.021","article-title":"Living in a multi-stressors environment: An integrated biomarker approach to assess the ecotoxicological response of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) to venlafaxine, warming and acidification","volume":"169","author":"Maulvault","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145499","article-title":"Impaired antioxidant defenses and DNA damage in the European glass eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to ocean warming and acidification","volume":"774","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.226","article-title":"Adaptive responses of fishes to climate change: Feedback between physiology and behaviour Sci","volume":"692","author":"Connell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-020-00835-3","article-title":"Disturbance of oxidant\/antioxidant status and impairment on fillet fatty acid profiles in Brycon amazonicus subjected to acute heat stress","volume":"46","author":"Baldissera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300851","article-title":"Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes represent a co-ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stress","volume":"31","author":"Hayes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3751","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.058214","article-title":"Relationship between oxidizable fatty acid content and level of antioxidant glutathione peroxidases in marine fish","volume":"214","author":"Grim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-021-00940-x","article-title":"Modulation of the innate immune response, antioxidant system and oxidative stress during acute and chronic stress in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)","volume":"47","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/ict028","article-title":"Energy-Limited Tolerance to Stress as a Conceptual Framework to Integrate the Effects of Multiple Stressors","volume":"53","author":"Sokolova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(01)20003-X","article-title":"Protein synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fish Physiol."}],"container-title":["Oceans"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-1924\/5\/3\/33\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:31:32Z","timestamp":1760110292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-1924\/5\/3\/33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["oceans5030033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/oceans5030033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-1924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-1924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]}}}