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Change Through a Holistic approach based on Managed Aqiofer Recharge\u201d","award":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPrevent Groundwater Contamination Related to Global and Climate Change Through a Holistic approach based on Managed Aqiofer Recharge\u201d","award":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04378\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPrevent Groundwater Contamination Related to Global and Climate Change Through a Holistic approach based on Managed Aqiofer Recharge\u201d","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPrevent Groundwater Contamination Related to Global and Climate Change Through a Holistic approach based on Managed Aqiofer Recharge\u201d","award":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPrevent Groundwater Contamination Related to Global and Climate Change Through a Holistic approach based on Managed Aqiofer Recharge\u201d","award":["CL6-2022-ZEROPOLLUTION-01-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CL6-2022-ZEROPOLLUTION-01-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oceans"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been widely studied due to its environmental persistence and bioaccumulation potential, raising concerns about its effects on aquatic life. This research evaluates the impact of PFOA on the antioxidant defenses and stress response systems of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to three concentrations of PFOA (1, 10, and 100 \u00b5g\u00b7L\u22121) over 28 days. Several biomarkers, including glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), vitellogenin (VTG), ubiquitin (UBI), and caspase-3 (CASP) were analyzed. The results suggest stress responses, particularly in animals exposed to higher concentrations, as shown by GST and SOD activities which increased according to PFOA concentrations. Additionally, oxidative stress markers such as MDA and CAT showed variable responses depending on the exposure concentration tested. This study underscores the need for further investigation into the effects of PFOA on mollusks but also the need to unveil gender-specific responses in aquatic organisms exposed to this contaminant. The concentrations of PFOA used in our research are lower than those examined in previous studies, providing crucial insights into the impacts of even minimal exposure levels. It highlights the potential of M. galloprovincialis as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring programs, providing crucial insights for environmental management and policymaking regarding regulating and monitoring PFOA in marine settings. Consequently, in a country where seafood consumption is the second largest in Europe, implementing environmental policies and regulatory measures to manage and monitor PFOA levels in marine environments is crucial.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/oceans5040049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T09:40:54Z","timestamp":1730799654000},"page":"857-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Impact of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) on the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: A Multi-Biomarker Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1247-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Copeto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0754-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gan\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3932-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\u2014Set\u00fabal Polytechnical Institute (MARE-IPS), Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS, Estefanilha, 2914-508 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4378-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8382-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stella, R.Q. 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