{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:19:33Z","timestamp":1770956373316,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese funds","award":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/00092\/2014\/CP1255\/CT0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Organics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic option for the treatment of various types of cancer. PDT calls for the application of photosensitizers (PSs) and photoactivation with a particular light wavelength while tissue oxygen is present. Anticancer efficacy depends on the combination of these three substrates leading to the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promote apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy of cancer cells. However, one of the biggest problems with conventional PDT is the poor accumulation and targeting of PSs to tumor tissues, resulting in undesirable side effects and unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. To overcome this, new photosensitizers have been developed through bioconjugation and encapsulation with targeting molecules, such as peptides, allowing a better accumulation and targeting in tumor cells. Several studies have been conducted to test the efficacy of several peptide-conjugated photosensitizers and improve PDT efficacy. This review aims to present current insights into various types of peptide-conjugated photosensitizers, with the goal of enhancing cancer treatment efficacy, addressing the limitations of conventional PDT, and expanding potential applications in medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/org5040022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T06:11:25Z","timestamp":1729577485000},"page":"429-442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Application of Peptide-Conjugated Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1283-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5324-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1350-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Pl\u00e1cido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartusik-Aebisher, D., Wo\u017anicki, P., Dynarowicz, K., and Aebisher, D. 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