{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:06:30Z","timestamp":1760234790269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/0772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/0772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Free-roaming dogs and cats represent potential reservoirs for zoonotic vector-borne pathogens shedding to the human population. Given the health impact of these pathogens, we searched free-roaming dogs and cats included in an animal population control program from Luanda, Angola, for Bartonella and hemotropic mycoplasma infection. We report the detection of Bartonella henselae (2\/66; 3%), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (5\/66; 7.5%) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (1\/66; 1.5%) in cats. One dog was found positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis (1\/20; 5%). This is the first report of Bartonella henselae infections in stray cats and of hemotropic mycoplasmas in cats and dogs from Angola. Despite the relatively small sample size, our results sustain the hypothesis of uncontrolled circulation of these agents in highly mobile synanthropic animal populations of Luanda. Population and vector control could contribute to reducing the likelihood for animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T13:31:39Z","timestamp":1623331899000},"page":"735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hemotropic Mycoplasma and Bartonella Species Diversity in Free-Roaming Canine and Feline from Luanda, Angola"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa dos Animais Veterinary Clinic, Luanda, Angola"}]},{"given":"Frederico","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama Universitary School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jose R.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa dos Animais Veterinary Clinic, Luanda, Angola"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Casa dos Animais Veterinary Clinic, Luanda, Angola"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-2030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thays F.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Serop\u00e9dica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra (IPC), Agrarian School, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia F.","family":"Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Agrarian School, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6scher, T., and Pr\u00fcfer-Kr\u00e4mer, L. (2009). Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases. Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Springer. eCollection 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-93835-6_3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050997","article-title":"Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens","volume":"11","author":"Woolhouse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2589","article-title":"Occurrence and Genotyping of Coxiella burnetii in Hedgehogs in China","volume":"20","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0217-9","article-title":"Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems","volume":"46","author":"Caron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-15","article-title":"Strategies of exploitation of mammalian reservoirs by Bartonella species","volume":"43","author":"Deng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00496.x","article-title":"Bartonellosis: An emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and human beings","volume":"20","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.04.012","article-title":"Serological and molecular evidence of Bartonella henselae in cats from Luanda city, Angola","volume":"195","author":"Barradas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061551","article-title":"Bartonella DNA in loggerhead sea turtles","volume":"13","author":"Valentine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0603.000313","article-title":"Bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in North America","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050931","article-title":"Bartonella spp. in pets and effect on human health","volume":"12","author":"Chomel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.05.492","article-title":"Relapsing bacteremia after blood transmission of Bartonella henselae to cats","volume":"58","author":"Kordick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.428","article-title":"Bartonella infection in animals: Carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection","volume":"13","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3152-6","article-title":"Bartonella infections in cats and dogs including zoonotic aspects","volume":"11","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battisti, J.M., Lawyer, P.G., and Minnick, M.F. (2015). Colonization of Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia longipalpis Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) by Bartonella bacilliformis, the Etiologic Agent of Carri\u00f3n\u2019s Disease. PLoS Negl Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004128"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071110","article-title":"Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus","volume":"14","author":"Bonnet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.8.1952-1956.1996","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Bartonella henselae by the cat flea","volume":"34","author":"Chomel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-62","article-title":"Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, haemotropic mycoplasmas and other arthropod-borne pathogens in cats from Albania","volume":"7","author":"Silaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12452495","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Bartonella species and haemoplasma infection in cats in South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Lobetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.11.005","article-title":"Molecular detection of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in clinical samples of pet cats from Southern Italy","volume":"88","author":"Pennisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3990-x","article-title":"A molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens and haemoplasmas in owned cats across Italy","volume":"13","author":"Latrofa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saengsawang, P., Kaewmongkol, G., and Inpankaew, T. (2021). Molecular Detection of Bartonella spp. and Hematological Evaluation in Domestic Cats and Dogs from Bangkok, Thailand. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050503"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.02.026","article-title":"Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae infection, hematological changes and associated factors in domestic cats and dogs from an Atlantic rain forest area, Brazil","volume":"193","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105056","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterization of Bartonella spp. in pet cats and dogs in Shenzhen, China","volume":"197","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ostfeld, R.S., and Brunner, J.L. (2015). Climate change and Ixodes tick-borne diseases of humans. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 370.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0051"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2004.tb00342.x","article-title":"Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas): A review and new insights into pathogenic potential","volume":"33","author":"Messick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.069856-0","article-title":"Proposal for \u2019Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. musculi\u2019 in mice, and \u2019Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomuris subsp. ratti\u2019 in rats","volume":"65","author":"Harasawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.12.016","article-title":"Hemotropic mycoplasma infection in wild black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus)","volume":"163","author":"Iso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2015.01.002","article-title":"Widespread infection with hemotropic mycoplasmas in bats in Spain, including a hemoplasma closely related to \u201cCandidatus Mycoplasma hemohominis\u201d","volume":"39","author":"Delicado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2601.190983","article-title":"Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in Human, Japan","volume":"26","author":"Hattori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa094","article-title":"Hemoplasma haemohominis, A New Human Pathogen","volume":"72","author":"Alkan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.080964","article-title":"Hemoplasma infection in HIV-positive patient, Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Biondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.961-969.2006","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factor analysis, and follow-up of infections caused by three feline hemoplasma species in cats in Switzerland","volume":"44","author":"Willi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.014","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and prevalence of haemoplasma infection in dogs","volume":"221","author":"Aquino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0521","article-title":"A feline hemoplasma, \u2018Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum\u2019, detected in dog in Japan","volume":"73","author":"Obara","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2016.11.013","article-title":"Occurrence of canine hemotropic mycoplasmas in domestic dogs from urban and rural areas of the Valdivia Province, southern Chile","volume":"50","author":"Soto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13480985","article-title":"Prevalence and co-infection of haemotropic mycoplasmas in Portuguese cats by real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"15","author":"Vilhena","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X19895941","article-title":"Role of vector-borne pathogens in the development of fever in cats: 1. Flea-associated diseases","volume":"22","author":"Lappin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.1277","article-title":"Detection of DNA of \u2019Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum\u2019 and Spiroplasma sp. in unfed ticks collected from vegetation in Japan","volume":"67","author":"Taroura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00491.x","article-title":"Feline hemotropic mycoplasmas","volume":"20","author":"Sykes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Emerg. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2740-9","article-title":"Epidemiological study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats from central Spain","volume":"11","author":"Villaescusa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2069-9","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of canine and feline hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in northern Italy","volume":"10","author":"Ravagnan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imre, M., V\u0103duva, C., D\u0103r\u0103bu\u0219, G., Morariu, S., Herman, V., Plutzer, J., Suici, T., Lait, P.J.P., and Imre, K. (2020). Molecular detection of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in domestic cats (Felis catus) in Romania. BMC Vet. Res., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02626-7"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00987-06","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of \"Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis\" isolates from pet cats in the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa, with analysis of risk factors for infection","volume":"44","author":"Willi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200219","article-title":"Prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in healthy and unhealthy cats and dogs in Spain","volume":"22","author":"Roura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"55","article-title":"Detection and identification of blood-borne infections in dogs in Nigeria using light microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"11","author":"Happi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92910-7","article-title":"Eperythrozoonosis in man","volume":"2","author":"Puntaric","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"976","article-title":"Haemobartonella-like microorganism infection in AIDS patients: Ultrastructural pathology","volume":"165","author":"Duarte","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio236145a0","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with haemobartonella-like organisms","volume":"236","author":"Kallick","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nat. New Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197910253011701","article-title":"Human infection from an unidentified erythrocyte-associated bacterium","volume":"301","author":"Archer","year":"1979","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azzag, N., Haddad, N., Durand, B., Petit, E., Ammouche, A., Chomel, B., and Boulouis, H.J. (2012). Population structure of Bartonella henselae in Algerian urban stray cats. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043621"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)77744-8","article-title":"Bartonella henselae isolated from cats in Zimbabwe","volume":"351","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2039","article-title":"Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for Bartonella Infection in Tunisian Stray Dogs","volume":"17","author":"Belkhiria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0919-x","article-title":"Infection and exposure to vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs and their ticks, Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Proboste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3722-7","article-title":"Prevalence and diversity of Babesia, Hepatozoon, Ehrlichia, and Bartonella in wild and domestic carnivores from Zambia, Africa","volume":"113","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.224.1946","article-title":"Identification of a novel hemotropic mycoplasma in a splenectomized dog with hemic neoplasia","volume":"224","author":"Sykes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.085","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of Ehrlichia canis and related species infection in dogs in eastern Sudan","volume":"1078","author":"Inokuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2076-x","article-title":"Serological and molecular prevalence of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Korea","volume":"10","author":"Suh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rampersad, J.N., Watkins, J.D., Samlal, M.S., Deonanan, R., Ramsubeik, S., and Ammons, D.R. (2005). A nested-PCR with an Internal Amplification Control for the detection and differentiation of Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae: An examination of cats in Trinidad. BMC Infect. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-63"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.604","article-title":"Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and differentiate two strains of Haemobartonella felis in naturally infected cats","volume":"62","author":"Jensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.10-0143","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasma infection in Japan","volume":"72","author":"Tanahara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(03)00044-0","article-title":"Presence of Mycoplasma haemofelis, Mycoplasma haemominutum and piroplasmids in cats from southern Europe: A molecular study","volume":"93","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.17","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"30","author":"Benson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/6\/735\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:13:05Z","timestamp":1760163185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/10\/6\/735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens10060735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10060735","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]}}}