{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:13:59Z","timestamp":1761664439421,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology)","award":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/05064\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","UIDB\/04750\/2020","LA\/P\/0064\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease with different and complex routes for transmission. Workers occupationally exposed to animals or raw meat and viscera (WOE) may be at more risk than the general population, however conflicting data exist on the risk of developing toxoplasmosis due to this close contact. To add knowledge to this topic, the aim of the present study was to ascertain if WOE were more likely to be anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive than the general population as well as to study risk factors for T. gondii infection such as professional activity, gender, age, years of work and region. For this purpose, a case\u2013control study using archived samples was setup. A total of 114 WOE (including pig slaughterhouse workers, butchers, veterinarians and farmers) and 228 anonymous volunteers (matched with cases by region, age and gender) were studied for anti-T. gondii IgG. A significantly higher anti-T. gondii IgG occurrence (p = 0.0282) was found in WOE when compared with the general population (72.8% [CI = 64.6\u201381.0%] versus 60.1% [CI = 54.6\u201365.6%]). Multivariate analysis showed that WOE of more than 50 years of age were more likely to be seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG (aOR = 16.8; 95% CI 3.6\u201377.5; p &lt; 0.001) than those aged less than 50 years. To our knowledge, this is the first case\u2013control study on the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG in WOE in Portugal, also showing an added risk for T. gondii infection in those exposed to animals or their meat and viscera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11050603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T07:13:57Z","timestamp":1653203637000},"page":"603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Individuals Occupationally Exposed to Livestock in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0872-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Quirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4208-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o EPE, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5767-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Vala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e05495","article-title":"Public health risks associated with food-borne parasites","volume":"16","author":"Koutsoumanis","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dubey, J.P. 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