{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T01:43:16Z","timestamp":1770687796653,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, and EU-FEDER","award":["MYCOTRAINING SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYCOTRAINING SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000174"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis is a major global concern. Tuberculosis in wildlife is a risk for zoonotic transmission and becoming one of the challenges for conservation globally. In elephants, the number of cases is likely rising. The aim of this study was to identify proteins related to tuberculosis infection in elephants, which could then be used for the development of diagnostic tools and\/or vaccines. A serum proteomics approach was used to characterize differentially represented proteins in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Asian elephants (Elaphas maximus). Blood samples were collected from eight elephants, four of which were antibody positive for tuberculosis and four were antibody negative. Proteomics analysis identified 26 significantly dysregulated proteins in response to tuberculosis. Of these, 10 (38%) were identified as immunoglobulin and 16 (62%) as non-immunoglobulin proteins. The results provided new information on the antibody response to mycobacterial infection and biomarkers associated with tuberculosis and protective response to mycobacteria in Asian elephants. Protective mechanisms included defense against infection (Alpha-1-B glycoprotein A1BG, Serpin family A member 1 SERPINA1, Transthyretin TTR), neuroprotection (TTR), and reduced risks of inflammation, infections, and cancer (SERPINA1, Keratin 10 KRT10). Using a translational biotechnology approach, the results provided information for the identification of candidate diagnostic, prognostic, and protective antigens for monitoring and control of tuberculosis in Asian elephants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T01:51:57Z","timestamp":1662515517000},"page":"1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differentially Represented Proteins in Response to Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Identified by Quantitative Serum Proteomics in Asian Elephants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4172-9079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Man","family":"Rajbhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"},{"name":"Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S\/N, Edificio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado\u2014BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Artigas-Jer\u00f3nimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marinela","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Sadaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Trust for Nature Conservation, Biodiversity Conservation Center, Sauraha, Chitwan 44204, Nepal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dibesh","family":"Karmacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali Road 11, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo C\u00e9lio","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dep. de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S\/N, Edificio FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado\u2014BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Biol\u00f3gica de M\u00e9rtola EBM, Pra\u00e7a Lu\u00eds de Cam\u00f5es, M\u00e9rtola, 7750-329 M\u00e9rtola, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gort\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7383-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s\/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, March 16). 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