{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:11:16Z","timestamp":1777515076473,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Empresa Portuguesa das \u00c1guas Livres (EPAL)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CESAM","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been detected in wastewater from several countries, monitoring its presence in other water matrices is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of this virus in natural and drinking water over one year of monitoring (2021). A survey of viral RNA was carried out by RT-qPCR in concentrated samples of surface water, groundwater, and drinking water from different regions of Portugal. SARS-CoV-2 RNA\u2014quantified in genomic copies per liter (gc\/L) of sampled water\u2014was not detected in groundwater, but was detected and quantified in samples of surface water (two out of 43; 8035 and 23,757 gc\/L) and in drinking water (one out of 43 samples; 7463 gc\/L). The study also detected and quantified Norovirus RNA, intending to confirm the use of this enteric virus to assess variations in fecal matter throughout the sampling campaign. The samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA also had the highest concentrations of Norovirus RNA\u2014including the drinking water sample, which proved negative for fecal enteric bacteria (FIB). These results indicate that, to protect human health, it is advisable to continue monitoring these viruses, and noroviruses as fecal indicators (FI) as well\u2014especially in low-flow water bodies that receive wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11101133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T01:21:07Z","timestamp":1665364867000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Natural and Drinking Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2278-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Salvador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rios (LAB) da Empresa Portuguesa das \u00c1guas Livres (EPAL), Avenida de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C2-Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Caeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa, Edif\u00edcio C2-Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rios (LAB) da Empresa Portuguesa das \u00c1guas Livres (EPAL), Avenida de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Neves","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o de Laborat\u00f3rios (LAB) da Empresa Portuguesa das \u00c1guas Livres (EPAL), Avenida de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52651","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-16024-5","article-title":"The impact of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in water: Potential risks","volume":"28","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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