{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:59:43Z","timestamp":1774925983308,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"FEDER","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o (POCI)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE)","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"national funds (OE)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\/Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds (FCT)","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030310-funded"]}]},{"name":"national funds (FCT)","award":["2021 scholarship 09461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 scholarship 09461"]}]},{"name":"national funds (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Balantioides coli is a zoonotic enteric protozoan parasite of public veterinary health relevance and a concern in animal production and food safety. While wild cervids are recognized reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens, little is known about the occurrence of B. coli in deer species, especially in Europe. To fill this gap, a total of 130 fecal samples from legally hunted red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 95) and fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 35) were passively collected during two hunting seasons (October to February; 2018\u20132019 and 2019\u20132020) in Portugal. After assessment by PCR assay targeting the complete ITS1\u20135.8s-rRNA\u2013ITS2 region and the 3\u2019 end of the ssu-rRNA gene of the parasite, a prevalence of 4.2% (4\/95, 95% CI: 0.2\u20138.3) in red deer and of 5.7% (2\/35, 95% CI: 0.0\u201313.4) in fallow deer was found. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses allowed the identification of B. coli genetic variants A (in two red deer) and B (in two red deer and two fallow deer). This is the first molecular-based description of B. coli in European deer species, whose population have increased in density and geographical range in recent years. Continued monitoring of wild ungulates as potential vectors of parasitic infection diseases of zoonotic nature is crucial to safeguard public health and food safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T04:35:17Z","timestamp":1666845317000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Balantioides coli Fecal Excretion in Hunted Wild Cervids (Cervus elaphus and Dama dama) from Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9742-5643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3729-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josman D.","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita T.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Rivero-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Grupo de Virolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba, Hospital Reina Sof\u00eda, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4015-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Carmena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Balantidiasis: A review and report of cases","volume":"32","author":"Koppisch","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. 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