{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:32:34Z","timestamp":1767598354499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Q fever is caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii and is a zoonosis that naturally infects goats, sheep, and cats, but can also infect humans, birds, reptiles, or arthropods. A survey was conducted for the detection of antibodies against C. burnetii in a sample of 617 free-ranging wild ruminants, 358 wild boar (Sus scrofa) and 259 red deer (Cervus elaphus), in east\u2013central Portugal during the 2016\u20132022 hunting seasons. Only adult animals were sampled in this study. Antibodies specific to C. burnetii were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; IDVet\u00ae, Montpellier, France) according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. The seroprevalence of C. burnetii infection was 1.5% (n = 9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7\u20132.8%). Antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in 4\/358 wild boar (1.1%; 95% CI: CI: 0.3\u20132.8%) and 5\/259 red deer (1.9%; 0.6\u20134.5%). Results of the present study indicate that antibodies against C. burnetii were present in wild boar and red deer in Portugal. These findings can help local health authorities to focus on the problem of C. burnetii in wildlife and facilitate the application of a One Health approach to its prevention and control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1678241294000},"page":"421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Humberto","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801556 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801556 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801556 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5000-556 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5433-4258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Researcher at Q-RURAL\u2014Quality of Life in the Rural World, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio para a Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Integrativa e Translacional em Sa\u00fade Populacional (ITR), 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9709-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Researcher at Q-RURAL\u2014Quality of Life in the Rural World, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 5200-130 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801556 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016","article-title":"Q Fever","volume":"140","author":"Angelakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. 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