{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T06:20:22Z","timestamp":1771654822558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Interreg Espa\u00f1a-Portugal (EU) Poctep","award":["0687_OVISPID_2_E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0687_OVISPID_2_E"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Espa\u00f1a-Portugal (EU) Poctep","award":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Interreg Espa\u00f1a-Portugal (EU) Poctep","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["0687_OVISPID_2_E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0687_OVISPID_2_E"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are transmitted among ovine and caprine species. This disease is a severe problem for small ruminant production, not only for animals\u2019 well-being but also for flocks\u2019 efficiency. The main aim of this research was to quantify the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for SRLV infection in the northern region of Portugal. Samples were collected from a total of 150 flocks, of which 129 (86.0%; 95% CI: 80.67%\u201391.33%) had at least one seropositive animal. Out of 2607 individual blood samples, 1074 (41.2%) were positive for SRLVs. Risk factors associated with SRLV infection were species (caprine), age (&gt;2 years old), flock size (&gt;100 animals), production system (intensive), food production system (milk), type of activity (professional), participation in livestock competitions (yes), replacement young ewe bought (yes), and natural feeding management (yes). This knowledge empowers the implementation of effective preventive measures. Overall, biosecurity measures should be promoted and implemented with the main aim of reducing viral transmission and reducing the prevalence of this disease. We recognise that government authorities should promote and audit voluntary control and eradication programs in small ruminant flocks in the region studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T02:28:56Z","timestamp":1686796136000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infection in Sheep and Goats in North Portugal: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6683-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Jacob-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Grau Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Direcci\u00f3n General de Producci\u00f3n Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras Agrarias, Consejer\u00eda de Agricultura y Ganader\u00eda, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47014 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Lacasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Pathology Department, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza C\/Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Quintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.11.023","article-title":"Small Ruminant Lentiviruses in Goats in Southern Italy: Serological Evidence, Risk Factors and Implementation of Control Programs","volume":"228","author":"Cirone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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