{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T22:04:23Z","timestamp":1776636263268,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["CEECINST\/00049\/2021\/CP2817\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00049\/2021\/CP2817\/CT0001"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["2022.13476.BDANA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13476.BDANA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phlebotomine sand flies play a crucial role in both human and veterinary medicine, acting as vectors for Leishmania parasites and most known phleboviruses. In Portugal, the REVIVE program, a comprehensive national surveillance network under the Ministry of Health, has included sand fly surveys since 2016. REVIVE aims to identify existing sand fly species in the country, determine which pathogens are circulating among them, and provide actionable insights for prevention and control measures when necessary. In this way, annually, from May to October, health technicians collect sand flies across mainland Portugal with CDC light traps. The collected sand flies are sent to the Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research for species identification and molecular screening of pathogens. On 21 September 2023, Toscana virus (TOSV), a well-known phlebovirus in the Mediterranean region due to its capacity to cause neurological disease, was detected in a pool of 30 sand flies collected in Algarve, the southernmost region of Portugal. A 668 bp partial sequence of the nucleoprotein gene shows similarity with TOSV strains from Spain. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of TOSV in its vector in this country, having previously only been reported in vertebrate hosts. These findings highlight the important role of ongoing surveillance efforts in monitoring and understanding the dynamics of sand fly-borne diseases in Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13100905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T11:28:51Z","timestamp":1729078131000},"page":"905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Toscana Virus in Wild-Caught Sand Flies in Portugal, Findings from the National Vector Surveillance Network, 2023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5445-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA), Institute for Agricultural and Agro-Alimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, Pra\u00e7a Coronel Pacheco n.\u00ba 15, 4050-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edbia","family":"Z\u00e9-Z\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA), Institute for Agricultural and Agro-Alimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, Pra\u00e7a Coronel Pacheco n.\u00ba 15, 4050-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6704-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Costa","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Campos","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0065-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.\u00ba 5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB), 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA), Institute for Agricultural and Agro-Alimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, Pra\u00e7a Coronel Pacheco n.\u00ba 15, 4050-053 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.433","article-title":"Ecology of viruses isolated from sand flies in Italy and characterization of a new Phlebovirus (Arbia virus)","volume":"38","author":"Verani","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. 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