{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T04:28:49Z","timestamp":1761280129306,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2020.09037.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2020.09037.BD"]}]},{"name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Universidades, Xunta de Galicia","award":["ED431B 2021\/07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431B 2021\/07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) strongyle infections in equids is still mainly performed using quantitative coprological techniques, like the McMaster (McM), but more sensitive and precise techniques, like FLOTAC (FL) and Mini-FLOTAC (MF), have been proposed over the past 20 years. The present study aimed to compare the analytical performance of these three methods in the diagnosis of strongyle infections in horses. Between October 2023 and June 2024, 32 fecal samples were processed using the McM, FL and MF techniques to identify strongyles\u2019 eggs, estimate their shedding (eggs per gram of feces, EPG), standard errors, sensitivities, precisions, and perform Spearman\u2019s correlation and Cohen\u2019s kappa analyses. The McM detected a higher shedding (584 \u00b1 179 EPG), in comparison with FL and MF, with both these differences being statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001); FL achieved the highest precision (72%), which differed significantly from McM (p = 0.03). All techniques were positively (rs = 0.92\u20130.96) and significantly (p &lt; 0.001) correlated and shared substantial (k = 0.67\u20130.76) and significant (p &lt; 0.001) agreement. The MF achieved the highest diagnostic sensitivity (93%), followed by FL (89%) and McM (85%), although not significantly (p = 0.90). These results suggest the usefulness of implementing FL or MF methods in equine medicine for precise and, in the latter case, quick parasitological diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14111075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing the Performance of McMaster, FLOTAC and Mini-FLOTAC Techniques in the Diagnosis of Strongylid Infections in Two Horse Populations in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5310-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Varandas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Agr\u00edcola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Paz-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Parasites Research Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Madeira de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3445-4","article-title":"Systematic Review of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Horses from Australia","volume":"12","author":"Saeed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgenschellert, L., Kr\u00fccken, J., Bousquet, E., Bartz, J., Heyer, N., Nielsen, M., and von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. 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