{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T20:02:53Z","timestamp":1760385773606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","award":["FCT\/MCTES-UIDB\/04378\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/75752\/2011","DL57\/2016\/CP1346\/CT0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/MCTES-UIDB\/04378\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/75752\/2011","DL57\/2016\/CP1346\/CT0032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to investigate the occurrence of acquired AmpC \u03b2-lactamases (qAmpC), and characterize qAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from different non-clinical environments in Portugal. We analysed 880 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins recovered from 632 non-clinical samples [healthy human and healthy animal (swine, chickens) faeces; uncooked chicken carcasses; aquatic and trout aquaculture samples]. Bacterial and qAmpC identification, antibiotic susceptibility, clonal (PFGE, MLST) and plasmid (S1-\/I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis were performed using standard methods. The occurrence of qAmpC among Enterobacteriaceae from non-clinical origins was low (0.6%; n = 4\/628 samples), corresponding to CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli from three healthy humans (HH) and one uncooked chicken carcass (UCC). We highlight a slight increase in CMY-2 human faecal carriage in the two periods sampled [1.0% in 2013\u20132014 versus 0% in 2001\u20132004], which is in accordance with the trend observed in other European countries. CMY-2-producing E. coli belonged to B22-ST4953 (n = 2, HH), A0-ST665 (n = 1, HH) or A1-ST48 (n = 1, UCC) clones. blaCMY-2 was identified in non-typeable and IncA\/C2 plasmids. This study is one of the few providing an integrated evaluation of the qAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae occurrence, which was low, from a very large collection of different non-clinical origins. Further surveillance in contemporary collections can provide an integrated epidemiological information of potential shifts in reservoirs, transmission routes and mechanisms of dissemination of blaqAmpC in non-clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9040273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T14:42:03Z","timestamp":1586443323000},"page":"273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acquired AmpC \u03b2-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae from Healthy Humans and Animals, Food, Aquatic and Trout Aquaculture Environments in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Novais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-ENAS\/CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-250 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Peixe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.03.013","article-title":"Dynamics of clonal and plasmid backgrounds of Enterobacteriaceae producing acquired AmpC in Portuguese clinical settings over time","volume":"53","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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