{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T02:30:00Z","timestamp":1769394600371,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BBB-NAN\/3249\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BBB-NAN\/3249\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, bioactive peptides are used for therapeutic applications and the selection of a carrier to deliver them is very important to increase the efficiency, absorption, release, bioavailability and consumer acceptance. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize chitosan-based films loaded with chitosan microparticles containing a bioactive peptide (sequence: KGYGGVSLPEW) with antihypertensive properties. Films were prepared by the solvent casting method, while the microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation. The final optimized chitosan microparticles exhibited a mean diameter of 2.5 \u00b5m, a polydispersity index of 0.46, a zeta potential of +61 mV and a peptide association efficiency of 76%. Chitosan films were optimized achieving the final formulation of 0.79% (w\/v) of chitosan, 6.74% (w\/v) of sorbitol and 0.82% (w\/v) of citric acid. These thin (\u00b10.100 mm) and transparent films demonstrated good performance in terms of mechanical and biological properties. The oral films developed were flexible, elastic, easy to handle and exhibited rapid disintegration (30 s) and an erosion behavior of 20% when they came into contact with saliva solution. The cell viability (75\u201399%) was proved by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay with TR146 cells. The chitosan mucoadhesive films loaded with peptide\u2013chitosan microparticles resulted in an innovative approach to perform administration across the buccal mucosa, because these films present a larger surface area, leading to the rapid disintegration and release of the antihypertensive peptide under controlled conditions in the buccal cavity, thus promoting bioavailability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Development and Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles-in-Films for Buccal Delivery of Bioactive Peptides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Batista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5763-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESPU, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada em Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Sa\u00fade, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra-PRD, Portugal"},{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Pintado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Rua Arquiteto Lob\u00e3o Vital, 172, 4200-374 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2018.01.002","article-title":"Recent insights in the use of nanocarriers for the oral delivery of bioactive proteins and peptides","volume":"101","author":"Batista","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2013.07.019","article-title":"An integrated buccal delivery system combining chitosan films impregnated with peptide loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles","volume":"112","author":"Giovino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. 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