{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:38:07Z","timestamp":1771339087666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)","award":["contract n\u00ba IST-ID\/115\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract n\u00ba IST-ID\/115\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UID\/QUI\/00100\/2019 and UID\/DTP\/04567\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/00100\/2019 and UID\/DTP\/04567\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of a series of saccharin\u2013tetrazolyl and \u2013thiadiazolyl analogs were examined. The assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the referred-to molecules was completed through an evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Scrutiny of the MIC and MBC values of the compounds at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 against four Gram-positive strains revealed high values for both the MIC and MBC at pH 4.0 (ranging from 0.98 to 125 \u00b5g\/mL) and moderate values at pH 7.0 and 9.0, exposing strong antimicrobial activities in an acidic medium. An antioxidant activity analysis of the molecules was performed by using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, which showed high activity for the TSMT (N-(1-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-N-(1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) amine, 7) derivative (90.29% compared to a butylated hydroxytoluene positive control of 61.96%). Besides, the general toxicity of the saccharin analogs was evaluated in an Artemia salina model, which displayed insignificant toxicity values. In turn, upon an assessment of cell viability, all of the compounds were found to be nontoxic in range concentrations of 0\u2013100 \u00b5g\/mL in H7PX glioma cells. The tested molecules have inspiring antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that represent potential core structures in the design of new drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12040167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Saccharin\u2013Tetrazolyl and \u2013Thiadiazolyl Derivatives: The Simple Dependence of the pH Value on Antimicrobial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds M. T.","family":"Frija","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Epole","family":"Ntungwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Health Sciences &amp; Technologies, ULus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Sitarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszy\u0144skiego Street 1, 90-151 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]},{"given":"Joana M.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Health Sciences &amp; Technologies, ULus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Toma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"\u015aliwi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"L\u00edlia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy (FCT) and Center of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Lurdes","family":"S. Cristiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy (FCT) and Center of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Health Sciences &amp; Technologies, ULus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Armando J. L.","family":"Pombeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. 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