{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:20:06Z","timestamp":1776374406853,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of fluorescent small molecules, such as metal complexes, to selectively recognize G-quadruplex (G4) structures has opened a route to develop new probes for the visualization of these DNA structures in cells. The main goal of this review is to update the most recent research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using this type of metal-based probes that specifically recognize G4 structures. This encompassed a comprehensive overview of the most significant progress in the field, namely based on complexes with Cu, Pt, and Ru that are among the most studied metals to obtain this class of molecules. It is also discussed the potential interest of obtaining G4-binders with medical radiometals (e.g., 99mTc, 111In, 64Cu, 195mPt) suitable for diagnostic and\/or therapeutic applications within nuclear medicine modalities, in order to enable their theranostic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14070605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T11:28:41Z","timestamp":1624447721000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Metal-Based G-Quadruplex Binders for Cancer Theranostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8877-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Palma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN-Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-4881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI-Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9164-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C2TN-Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/171737a0","article-title":"Molecular structure of nucleic acids","volume":"171","author":"Watson","year":"1953","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11247","article-title":"An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome","volume":"489","author":"Dunham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.48.12.2013","article-title":"Helix formation by guanylic acid","volume":"48","author":"Gellert","year":"1962","journal-title":"Proc. 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