{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T01:01:23Z","timestamp":1770339683415,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Five new heteroligand cobalt(II) complexes with 2-picolinehydroxamic acid and reduced Schiff base, N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)alanine, were formed in an aqueous solution over a wide pH range. The coordination properties of ligands towards the metal ion were determined using a pH-metric method, and then the speciation model was confirmed by UV\u2013Vis studies. A stacking interaction between the Schiff base phenol ring and the 2-picolinehydroxamic acid pyridine ring was found to improve the stability of the heteroligand species, indicating more effective coordination in mixed-ligand complexes than in their respective binary systems. The antimicrobial properties of heteroligand complexes were determined against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungal strains. The formulation demonstrated the highest bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity (3.65 mM) against two strains of Gram-negative Helicobacter pylori bacteria and towards Candida albicans and Candida glabrata; this is important due to the potential co-existence of these microorganisms in the gastric milieu and their role in the development of gastritis. The binary complexes in the cobalt(II)\u20142-picolinehydroxamic acid system and 2-picolinehydroxamic acid were not cytotoxic against L929 mouse fibroblasts, neither freshly prepared solutions or after two weeks\u2019 storage. By comparison, the heteroligand complexes within the range 0.91\u20133.65 mM diminished the metabolic activity of L929 cells, which was correlated with increased damage to cell nuclei. The concentration of the heteroligand species increased over time; therefore, the complexes stored for two weeks exhibited stronger anticellular toxicity than the freshly prepared samples. The complexes formed in an aqueous solution under physiological pH effectively bound to calf thymus DNA in an intercalative manner. This DNA-binding ability may underpin the antimicrobial\/antifungal activity of the heteroligand complexes and their ability to downregulate the growth of eukaryotic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T21:19:08Z","timestamp":1638479948000},"page":"1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of New Cobalt(II) Complexes with Bioactive Ligands, 2-Picolinehydroxamic Acid and Reduced Schiff Base N-(2-Hydroxybenzyl)alanine, in Terms of DNA Binding and Antimicrobial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7706-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wo\u017aniczka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszy\u0144skiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Lichawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszy\u0144skiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas","family":"Sutradhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Chmiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5231-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weronika","family":"Gonciarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12\/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Paj\u0105k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszy\u0144skiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12754","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12754","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: Exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota","volume":"25","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2015.01.035","article-title":"Synthesis, spectroscopic identification, thermal, potentiometric and antibacterial activity studies of 4-amino-5-mercapto-S-triazole Schiff\u2019s base complexes","volume":"1087","author":"Alaghaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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