{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T14:06:52Z","timestamp":1778681212187,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00100\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00100\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAICTPAC\/0019\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-QAN\/32242\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/143128\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\/BD\/152559\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00100\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00100\/202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0056\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing environmental distress is associated with a growing asthma incidence; no treatments are available but montelukast (MTK)\u2014an antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1\u2014is widely used in the management of symptoms among adults and children. Recently, new molecular targets have been identified and MTK has been proposed for repurposing in other therapeutic applications, with several ongoing clinical trials. The proposed applications include neuroinflammation control, which could be explored in some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases (AD and PD). However, this drug has been associated with an increasing number of reported neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Besides, and despite being on the market since 1998, MTK metabolism is still poorly understood and the mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric ADRs remain unknown. We review the role of MTK as a modulator of leukotriene pathways and systematize the current knowledge about MTK metabolism. Known toxic effects of MTK are discussed, and repurposing applications are presented comprehensively, with a focus on AD and PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:22:48Z","timestamp":1661300568000},"page":"1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Leukotrienes vs. Montelukast\u2014Activity, Metabolism, and Toxicity Hints for Repurposing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-5304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia F.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-4962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Matilde","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4828-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo C.","family":"Justino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-008-6140-9","article-title":"Leukotriene signaling in atherosclerosis and ischemia","volume":"23","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006449","article-title":"The release of histamine and formation of a slow-reacting substance (SRS-A) during anaphylactic shock","volume":"151","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.131342","article-title":"ATP-dependent transport of leukotrienes B4 and C4 by the multidrug resistance protein ABCC4 (MRP4)","volume":"324","author":"Rius","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075\u20131085.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.01.041","article-title":"Structural Basis of Substrate Recognition by the Multidrug Resistance Protein MRP1","volume":"168","author":"Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2820055","article-title":"Leukotrienes and Lipoxins\u2014Structures, Biosynthesis, and Biological Effects","volume":"237","author":"Samuelsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heidenreich, K.A. (2017). Chapter 12-5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein Inhibitors: Promising Drugs for Treating Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammation Following Brain Injury. New Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802686-1.00012-2"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3859","article-title":"Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Dennis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.200","article-title":"The role of leukotriene receptor signaling in inflammation and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Massoumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.3.1503","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors: Cellular distribution and function in immune and inflammatory responses","volume":"173","author":"Kanaoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2003.12.012","article-title":"Molecular and functional aspects of human cysteinyl leukotriene receptors","volume":"50","author":"Capra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000312669","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors: Molecular and functional characteristics","volume":"85","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2013.823447","article-title":"A review on leukotrienes and their receptors with reference to asthma","volume":"50","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Asthma."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, F., Ouyang, J., Sharma, A.N., Liu, S., Yang, B., Xiong, W., and Xu, R. (2015). Leukotriene inhibitors for bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD010636.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010636.pub2"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97946","article-title":"Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets","volume":"128","author":"Yokomizo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ridgway, N.D., and McLeod, R.S. (2016). The Eicosanoids. Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes, Academic Press. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1511","article-title":"Leukotrienes: Potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"190","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. Natl. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3116","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789058020","article-title":"Inhibitors of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in atherosclerosis","volume":"15","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6231","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100392s","article-title":"Leukotriene receptors","volume":"111","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1871","article-title":"Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: Advances in eicosanoid biology","volume":"294","author":"Funk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M003236","article-title":"A role for inflammatory mediators in heterologous desensitization of CysLT1 receptor in human monocytes","volume":"51","author":"Capra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2014.09.001","article-title":"The role of leukotrienes in allergic diseases","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00730.x","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of the first potent and selective antagonist at the cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT2) receptor","volume":"160","author":"Wunder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010043483917","article-title":"Drugs that target lipoxygenases and leukotrienes as emerging therapies for asthma and cancer","volume":"3","author":"Poff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12987","article-title":"A dual CysLT1\/2 antagonist attenuates allergen-induced airway responses in subjects with mild allergic asthma","volume":"71","author":"Gauvreau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b00741","article-title":"Discovery of Gemilukast (ONO-6950), a Dual CysLT1 and CysLT2 Antagonist As a Therapeutic Agent for Asthma","volume":"58","author":"Itadani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/21658","article-title":"Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 receptor","volume":"399","author":"Lynch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30531","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M003490200","article-title":"Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor","volume":"275","author":"Heise","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.56.3.657","article-title":"Identification, molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor","volume":"56","author":"Sarau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1139\/y89-004","article-title":"Pharmacology of L-660,711 (MK-571): A novel potent and selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist","volume":"67","author":"Zamboni","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.186031","article-title":"A selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 antagonist blocks myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury and vascular permeability in mice","volume":"339","author":"Ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.10.010","article-title":"The recently deorphanized GPR80 (GPR99) proposed to be the P2Y15 receptor is not a genuine P2Y receptor","volume":"26","author":"Abbracchio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10967","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C113.453704","article-title":"Identification of GPR99 protein as a potential third cysteinyl leukotriene receptor with a preference for leukotriene E4 ligand","volume":"288","author":"Kanaoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cherif, H., Duhamel, F., C\u00e9cyre, B., Bouchard, A., Quintal, A., Chemtob, S., and Bouchard, J.F. (2018). Receptors of intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism, GPR91 and GPR99, mediate axon growth. PLoS Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003619"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12813","article-title":"Unsung renal receptors: Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors play essential roles in renal development and homeostasis","volume":"220","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. (Oxf)"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wittenberger, T., Hellebrand, S., Munck, A., Kreienkamp, H.J., Schaller, H.C., and Hampe, W. (2002). GPR99, a new G protein-coupled receptor with homology to a new subgroup of nucleotide receptors. BMC Genomics., 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-3-17"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Burks, A.W., Holgate, S.T., O'Hehir, R.E., Bacharier, L.B., Broide, D.H., Hershey, G.K.K., and Peebles, S. (2020). Antileukotriene Therapy in Asthma. Middleton\u2019s Allergy: Principles and Practice, Elsevier. [9th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091240","article-title":"Leukotriene E4-induced pulmonary inflammation is mediated by the P2Y12 receptor","volume":"206","author":"Paruchuri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1805","article-title":"The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular nucleotides","volume":"9","author":"Haynes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000080","article-title":"P2Y12 expression and function in alternatively activated human microglia","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/35051599","article-title":"Identification of the platelet ADP receptor targeted by antithrombotic drugs","volume":"409","author":"Hollopeter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez Morillas, A., Besson, V.C., and Lerouet, D. (2021). Microglia and Neuroinflammation: What Place for P2RY12?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041636"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.11.029","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotrienes acting via granule membrane-expressed receptors elicit secretion from within cell-free human eosinophil granules","volume":"125","author":"Neves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12727","article-title":"P2Y12 antagonist attenuates eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"20","author":"Suh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00984.x","article-title":"Clinical effects and outcomes with new P2Y12 inhibitors in ACS","volume":"26","author":"Collet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fund. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10593","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.162867","article-title":"Phenotypic changes, signaling pathway, and functional correlates of GPR17-expressing neural precursor cells during oligodendrocyte differentiation","volume":"286","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601341","article-title":"The orphan receptor GPR17 identified as a new dual uracil nucleotides\/cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptor","volume":"25","author":"Ciana","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8466","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9466","article-title":"Structural and functional rejuvenation of the aged brain by an approved anti-asthmatic drug","volume":"6","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2017_92","article-title":"Pharmacological Properties and Biological Functions of the GPR17 Receptor, a Potential Target for Neuro-Regenerative Medicine","volume":"1051","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001131","article-title":"GPR17 regulates immune pulmonary inflammation induced by house dust mites","volume":"185","author":"Maekawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.11.066","article-title":"The new P2Y-like receptor G protein-coupled receptor 17 mediates acute neuronal injury and late microgliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"202","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp147","article-title":"The P2Y-like receptor GPR17 as a sensor of damage and a new potential target in spinal cord injury","volume":"132","author":"Ceruti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.05.031","article-title":"An introduction to the roles of purinergic signalling in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration","volume":"104","author":"Burnstock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-013-9366-3","article-title":"Changes of the GPR17 receptor, a new target for neurorepair, in neurons and glial cells in patients with traumatic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"Franke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Purinergic. Signal."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecca, D., Trincavelli, M.L., Gelosa, P., Sironi, L., Ciana, P., Fumagalli, M., Villa, G., Verderio, C., Grumelli, C., and Guerrini, U. (2008). The recently identified P2Y-like receptor GPR17 is a sensor of brain damage and a new target for brain repair. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003579"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dziedzic, A., Miller, E., Saluk-Bijak, J., and Bijak, M. (2020). The GPR17 Receptor-A Promising Goal for Therapy and a Potential Marker of the Neurodegenerative Process in Multiple Sclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21175957"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984\u20132997.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.02.060","article-title":"A GPR17-cAMP-Lactate Signaling Axis in Oligodendrocytes Regulates Whole-Body Metabolism","volume":"26","author":"Ou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11685","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905364106","article-title":"GPR17 is a negative regulator of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor response to leukotriene D4","volume":"106","author":"Maekawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1028","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00658.2008","article-title":"Functional characterization of two isoforms of the P2Y-like receptor GPR17: [35S]GTP\u03b3S binding and electrophysiological studies in 1321N1 cells","volume":"297","author":"Pugliese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ra93","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004350","article-title":"Decoding signaling and function of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR17 with a small-molecule agonist","volume":"6","author":"Hennen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12596","article-title":"Cysteinyl Leukotrienes and Their Receptors: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Central Nervous System Disorders","volume":"22","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454212","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3454212","article-title":"Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Potential Pharmacological Targets for Cerebral Diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Gelosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.066","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 is spatiotemporally involved in neuron injury, astrocytosis and microgliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"189","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.03.088","article-title":"Expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in human traumatic brain injury and brain tumors","volume":"363","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00458.x","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1 and CysLT2 are upregulated in acute neuronal injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.051","article-title":"Increased expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 in the brain mediates neuronal damage and astrogliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"140","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.013","article-title":"Modulation of neuroinflammation by cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors: Implications for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.09.008","article-title":"The leukotriene signaling pathway: A druggable target in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Michael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13607","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: The devil is in the details","volume":"139","author":"DiSabato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1212854","article-title":"Neuroinflammation pathways: A general review","volume":"127","author":"Shabab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00072","article-title":"An Inflammation-Centric View of Neurological Disease: Beyond the Neuron","volume":"12","author":"Skaper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07201","article-title":"Origin and physiological roles of inflammation","volume":"454","author":"Medzhitov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3338-07.2008","article-title":"Cytokine mechanisms of central sensitization: Distinct and overlapping role of interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in regulating synaptic and neuronal activity in the superficial spinal cord","volume":"28","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e31815c2530","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte generation is differentially influenced by toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4-mediated intraspinal macrophage activation","volume":"66","author":"Schonberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.01.003","article-title":"Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: Potential targets of anti-cancer therapy","volume":"42","author":"Sica","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1085","article-title":"Macrophage depletion impairs oligodendrocyte remyelination following lysolecithin-induced demyelination","volume":"35","author":"Kotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.06.002","article-title":"Kinetic characteristics of euflammation: The induction of controlled inflammation without overt sickness behavior","volume":"42","author":"Tarr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.01.018","article-title":"Euflammation attenuates peripheral inflammation-induced neuroinflammation and mitigates immune-to-brain signaling","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15291","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.458901","article-title":"Norepinephrine modulates the motility of resting and activated microglia via different adrenergic receptors","volume":"288","author":"Gyoneva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.12.008","article-title":"The inflammasome: Pathways linking psychological stress, depression, and systemic illnesses","volume":"31","author":"Iwata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15203","DOI":"10.1021\/bi026464m","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken brain tau: Isoforms with up to five tandem repeats","volume":"41","author":"Yoshida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry-Us"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13820","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-13.2013","article-title":"Stress-induced recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes to the brain promotes anxiety-like behavior","volume":"33","author":"Wohleb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2018.09.012","article-title":"Montelukast attenuates rotenone-induced microglial activation\/p38 MAPK expression in rats: Possible role of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects","volume":"358","author":"Mansour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1478-9","article-title":"Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist protects against hippocampal injury induced by transient global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats","volume":"40","author":"Saad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.036","article-title":"Involvement of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in A\u03b21-42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2005.00092.x","article-title":"Distribution of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 in human traumatic brain injury and brain tumors","volume":"26","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.08.007","article-title":"CysLT2 receptor mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial inflammation and consequent neurotoxicity in vitro","volume":"1624","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.10.021","article-title":"Preventive effect of genetic knockdown and pharmacological blockade of CysLT1R on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced memory deficit and neurotoxicity in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.02.002","article-title":"HAMI 3379, a CysLT2R antagonist, dose- and time-dependently attenuates brain injury and inhibits microglial inflammation after focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"291","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_89","unstructured":"Brunton, L.L., Knollmann, B.r.C., and Hilal-Dandan, R. (2018). Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw Hill Medical. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00090","article-title":"Going the Extra (Synaptic) Mile: Excitotoxicity as the Road Toward Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00438.x","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 is involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neuronal injury in mice","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.06.014","article-title":"Protection of dopaminergic neurons by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor","volume":"73","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.006","article-title":"Cytokines sing the blues: Inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression","volume":"27","author":"Raison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e199","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.120","article-title":"Evidence for sustained elevation of IL-6 in the CNS as a key contributor of depressive-like phenotypes","volume":"2","author":"Neal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: When the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"4447","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced sickness behaviour: A study with interleukin-1 type I receptor-deficient mice","volume":"12","author":"Michaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3440359","article-title":"Stress stimuli increase calcium-induced arachidonic acid release through phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2","volume":"344","author":"Buschbeck","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-4136-2","article-title":"Knockdown of hippocampal cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 prevents depressive behavior and neuroinflammation induced by chronic mild stress in mice","volume":"233","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2016.145","article-title":"Hippocampal CysLT1R knockdown or blockade represses LPS-induced depressive behaviors and neuroinflammatory response in mice","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.041","article-title":"Effects of MK-886, a 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor, and 5-lipoxygenase deficiency on the forced swimming behavior of mice","volume":"436","author":"Uz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.06.026","article-title":"6-Shogaol has anti-amyloidogenic activity and ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s disease via CysLT1R-mediated inhibition of cathepsin B","volume":"477","author":"Na","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.01.002","article-title":"Leukotriene D4 induces amyloid-\u03b2 generation via CysLT1R-mediated NF-\u03baB pathways in primary neurons","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.08.026","article-title":"Leukotriene D4 induces cognitive impairment through enhancement of CysLT1R-mediated amyloid-\u03b2 generation in mice","volume":"65","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18286","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18286","article-title":"Inflammatory Eicosanoids Increase Amyloid Precursor Protein Expression via Activation of Multiple Neuronal Receptors","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.011","article-title":"Montelukast targeting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 ameliorates A\u03b21-42-induced memory impairment and neuroinflammatory and apoptotic responses in mice","volume":"79","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2016.04.002","article-title":"Modulation of LOX and COX pathways via inhibition of amyloidogenesis contributes to mitoprotection against \u03b2-amyloid oligomer-induced toxicity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease in rats","volume":"146\u2013147","author":"Kalra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000740","article-title":"Montelukast treatment protects nigral dopaminergic neurons against microglial activation in the 6-hydroxydopamine mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921941","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/921941","article-title":"Quercetin and sesamin protect dopaminergic cells from MPP+-induced neuroinflammation in a microglial (N9)-neuronal (PC12) coculture system","volume":"2012","author":"Bournival","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.043","article-title":"Fluoxetine prevents MPTP-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation","volume":"60","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00172-1","article-title":"Selective microglial activation in the rat rotenone model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"341","author":"Sherer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.05.052","article-title":"Effect of montelukast in experimental model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"682","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396, 1204\u20131222."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70086-6","article-title":"Effects of montelukast (MK-0476), a new potent cysteinyl leukotriene (LTD4) receptor antagonist, in patients with chronic asthma","volume":"98","author":"Reiss","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.15.1181","article-title":"Montelukast for chronic asthma in 6- to 14-year-old children: A randomized, double-blind trial. Pediatric Montelukast Study Group","volume":"279","author":"Knorr","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(97)90184-3","article-title":"Montelukast causes prolonged, potent leukotriene D4-receptor antagonism in the airways of patients with asthma","volume":"61","author":"Reiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.007","article-title":"Targeting cysteinyl-leukotrienes in abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"139","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid. Mediat."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.09.125","article-title":"Novel inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity by the anti-asthma drug montelukast","volume":"324","author":"Ramires","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.12.002","article-title":"Characterization of cysteinyl leukotriene-related receptors and their interactions in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"141","author":"Trinh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.617","article-title":"Trends and patterns of neurotology drug prescriptions on a nationwide insurance database","volume":"6","author":"Goshtasbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"1282","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of montelukast sodium (Singulair), a potent cysteinyl leukotriene1 receptor antagonist, in human plasma and bile","volume":"25","author":"Balani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Hepatic microsomal metabolism of montelukast, a potent leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist, in humans","volume":"25","author":"Chiba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.039065","article-title":"Evaluation of CYP2C8 inhibition in vitro: Utility of montelukast as a selective CYP2C8 probe substrate","volume":"39","author":"VandenBrink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.037689","article-title":"Reevaluation of the microsomal metabolism of montelukast: Major contribution by CYP2C8 at clinically relevant concentrations","volume":"39","author":"Filppula","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.115.065763","article-title":"In Vitro Metabolism of Montelukast by Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases","volume":"43","author":"Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.891","article-title":"Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Study Reveals an Important Role of UGT1A3 in Montelukast Pharmacokinetics","volume":"104","author":"Hirvensalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016056912698","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and safety of montelukast sodium (MK-0476) in healthy males and females","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp (2018, July 07). Full Prescribing Information: Singulair (Revised 6\/2021), Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/020829s073,020830s075,021409s051lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e32831bd98c","article-title":"Absorption of montelukast is transporter mediated: A common variant of OATP2B1 is associated with reduced plasma concentrations and poor response","volume":"19","author":"Mougey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm. Genom."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics7040554","article-title":"Montelukast Disposition: No Indication of Transporter-Mediated Uptake in OATP2B1 and OATP1B1 Expressing HEK293 Cells","volume":"7","author":"Nordell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2020.1745318","article-title":"Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1), an expanded substrate profile, does it align with OATP2B1\u2019s hypothesized function?","volume":"50","author":"Bednarczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114534","article-title":"OATP2B1\u2014The underrated member of the organic anion transporting polypeptide family of drug transporters?","volume":"188","author":"Kinzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.02.057","article-title":"A Boxed Warning for Montelukast: The FDA Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Clarridge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000366164","article-title":"Montelukast-induced adverse drug reactions: A review of case reports in the literature","volume":"94","author":"Calapai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"385\u2013393.e12","article-title":"Risk of Psychiatric Adverse Events Among Montelukast Users","volume":"9","author":"Haug","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"Uppsala Monitoring Centre (2021, October 10). VigiAccess\u2014WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring. Available online: https:\/\/www.vigiaccess.org\/."},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"176\u2013182.e4","article-title":"Montelukast and Neuropsychiatric Events in Children with Asthma: A Nested Case-Control Study","volume":"209","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0360-2","article-title":"Psychiatric Disorders and Montelukast in Children: A Disproportionality Analysis of the VigiBase\u00ae","volume":"39","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"397","article-title":"Hallucination development with montelukast in a child with asthma: Case presentation","volume":"12","author":"Kocyigit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Allergy Asthma. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0790966700017432","article-title":"Delayed Onset of Neuropsychiatric Effects Associated with Montelukast","volume":"29","author":"Byrne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ir. J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2012.06.010","article-title":"Un caso de s\u00edndrome de Alicia en el pa\u00eds de las maravillas en probable relaci\u00f3n con el uso de montelukast [A case of Alice-in-Wonderland syndrome probably associated with the use of montelukast]","volume":"78","year":"2013","journal-title":"An. Pediatr. (Barc)"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.01.013","article-title":"Montelukast-induced metamorphopsia in a pediatric patient: A case report and a pharmacovigilance database analysis","volume":"116","author":"Carnovale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700148","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00148-2017","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in children initiated on montelukast in real-life practice","volume":"50","author":"Benard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1794","article-title":"Montelukast and psychiatric disorders in children","volume":"18","author":"Wallerstedt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"e357","article-title":"Reacciones adversas a montelukast: De la teor\u00eda a la pr\u00e1ctica. Serie de casos [Adverse drug reactions of montelukast: From theory to practice. Case report]","volume":"119","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Argent. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"813786","article-title":"Sleeptalking! Sleepwalking! Side effects of montelukast","volume":"2013","author":"Alkhuja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.32.7.276","article-title":"Montelukast and worsening of hallucinations in paranoid schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Anandan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Bulletin."},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"145","article-title":"Effect of concomitant use of montelukast and efavirenz on neuropsychiatric adverse events","volume":"48","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691\u2013696.e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.010","article-title":"Reports of suicidality in clinical trials of montelukast","volume":"124","author":"Philip","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.2.165","article-title":"Rate of suicide in patients taking montelukast","volume":"29","author":"Jick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1517\/14740330902932688","article-title":"Suicidality and montelukast","volume":"8","author":"Manalai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.04.035","article-title":"Risk of suicide attempt in asthmatic children and young adults prescribed leukotriene-modifying agents: A nested case-control study","volume":"130","author":"Schumock","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jyp.2013.06.002","article-title":"A case of montelukast induced hypercholesterolemia, severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Young Pharm."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.5414\/CP201952","article-title":"Montelukast sodium-induced hematuria: A case report and literature review of 19 cases in mainland China","volume":"51","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.52850","article-title":"Montelukast induced acute hepatocellular liver injury","volume":"55","author":"Harugeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00085-0","article-title":"Acute hepatitis associated with montelukast","volume":"38","author":"Russmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"462","article-title":"Probable montelukast-induced hepatotoxicity in a pediatric patient: Case report","volume":"27","author":"Incecik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Saudi. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"121","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity caused by montelukast in a paediatric patient","volume":"9","author":"Lebensztejn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prz. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp080408","article-title":"Possible montelukast-induced angioedema","volume":"66","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"999","article-title":"Montelukast-induced generalized urticaria","volume":"38","author":"Minciullo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01266.x","article-title":"Childhood pemphigus associated with montelukast administration","volume":"28","author":"Pizinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059001-00006","article-title":"Tolerability of montelukast","volume":"59","author":"Price","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00341","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.341","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions of montelukast in children and adults","volume":"5","author":"Haarman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.087825","article-title":"The leucotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and the risk of Churg-Strauss syndrome: A case-crossover study","volume":"63","author":"Hauser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1159\/000331901","article-title":"A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome treated with montelukast","volume":"21","author":"Anar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(02)75150-8","article-title":"S\u00edndrome de Churg-Strauss asociado a la administraci\u00f3n de montelukast en un paciente asm\u00e1tico sin tratamiento esteroide de base","volume":"38","author":"Mateo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Bronconeumol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2009.03431.x","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome secondary to antileucotriene therapy in a patient not receiving oral corticosteroids","volume":"34","author":"Jennings","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"277","article-title":"Allergic granulomatosis, allergic angiitis, and periarteritis nodosa","volume":"27","author":"Churg","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.6.558","article-title":"Pulmonary eosinophilia associated with montelukast","volume":"54","author":"Franco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.708","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome in patients receiving montelukast as treatment for asthma","volume":"117","author":"Wechsler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15.33.x","article-title":"Montelukast and Churg-Strauss syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Villena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.2173","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome related to montelukast","volume":"60","author":"Uyar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tuberk. Toraks"},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"715","article-title":"Acute Churg-Strauss syndrome in an asthmatic patient receiving montelukast therapy","volume":"139","author":"Tang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0510-0","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)","volume":"26","author":"Cuchacovich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900903006273","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with montelukast therapy","volume":"46","author":"Kaliterna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Asthma."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60344-4","article-title":"Montelukast-associated Churg-Strauss vasculitis: Another associated report","volume":"102","author":"Black","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-010-0313-0","article-title":"Churg-Strauss syndrome with severe granulomatous angiitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis, which developed during therapy with a leukotriene receptor antagonist","volume":"14","author":"Kanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12459","article-title":"Leukotriene receptor antagonists in Henoch-Schonlein syndrome: Friends or foes?","volume":"56","author":"Camozzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rejn\u00f6, G., Lundholm, C., Gong, T., Larsson, K., Saltvedt, S., and Almqvist, C. (2014). Asthma during pregnancy in a population-based study--pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104755"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.003","article-title":"Congenital malformations among infants born to women receiving montelukast, inhaled corticosteroids, and other asthma medications","volume":"129","author":"Nelsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0713-9","article-title":"Montelukast use during pregnancy: A multicentre, prospective, comparative study of infant outcomes","volume":"65","author":"Sarkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.618","article-title":"Safety of leukotriene receptor antagonists in pregnancy","volume":"119","author":"Bakhireva","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23621","article-title":"Fetal Exposure to Montelukast and Congenital Anomalies: A Population Based Study in Denmark","volume":"109","author":"Martos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.05.006","article-title":"Montelukast rescues primary neurons against A\u03b21\u201342-induced toxicity through inhibiting CysLT1R-mediated NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"75","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.05.026","article-title":"Regulation of rotenone-induced microglial activation by 5-lipoxygenase and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1","volume":"1572","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallin, J., and Svenningsson, P. (2021). Potential Effects of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115606"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.08.039","article-title":"Protective effect of montelukast against quinolinic acid\/malonic acid induced neurotoxicity: Possible behavioral, biochemical, mitochondrial and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 level alterations in rats","volume":"171","author":"Kalonia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00836-3","article-title":"The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast Reduces Alpha-Synuclein Load and Restores Memory in an Animal Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies","volume":"17","author":"Marschallinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01160-8","article-title":"A possible effect of montelukast on neurological aging examined by the use of register data","volume":"43","author":"Grinde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael, J., Zirknitzer, J., Unger, M.S., Poupardin, R., Rie\u00df, T., Paiement, N., Zerbe, H., Hutter-Paier, B., Reitsamer, H., and Aigner, L. (2021). The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Affects Cognition in Transgenic 5xFAD Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052782"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.09.022","article-title":"Montelukast ameliorates streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in mice","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, M.J., Chang, W.A., Tsai, P.H., Wu, C.Y., Ho, Y.W., Yen, M.C., Lin, Y.S., Kuo, P.L., and Hsu, Y.L. (2017). Montelukast Induces Apoptosis-Inducing Factor-Mediated Cell Death of Lung Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071353"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23979","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23979","article-title":"Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Decrease Cancer Risk in Asthma Patients","volume":"6","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2018.1451279","article-title":"Montelukast inhibits hypoxia inducible factor-1\u03b1 translation in prostate cancer cells","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"99","article-title":"Overexpression of cysteinyl LT1 receptor in prostate cancer and CysLT1R antagonist inhibits prostate cancer cell growth through apoptosis","volume":"18","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02963.x","article-title":"Montelukast inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-mediated interleukin-8 expression through inhibition of nuclear factor-\u03baB p65-associated histone acetyltransferase activity","volume":"38","author":"Tahan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.09.013","article-title":"Taming the cytokine storm: Repurposing montelukast for the attenuation and prophylaxis of severe COVID-19 symptoms","volume":"25","author":"Sanghai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01214","article-title":"A Novel Strategy to Mitigate the Hyperinflammatory Response to COVID-19 by Targeting Leukotrienes","volume":"11","author":"Funk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15491","article-title":"Montelukast in children with allergic rhinitis amid COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"109","author":"Kow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1159\/000518359","article-title":"Possible Therapeutic Potential of Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast in Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19","volume":"106","author":"Dey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610132","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.610132","article-title":"The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast as a Potential COVID-19 Therapeutic","volume":"7","author":"Aigner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21809","article-title":"Enhanced fracture repair by leukotriene antagonism is characterized by increased chondrocyte proliferation and early bone formation: A novel role of the cysteinyl LT-1 receptor","volume":"221","author":"Wixted","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8476","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1984003","article-title":"Montelukast attenuates interleukin IL-1\u03b2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in chondrocytes by inhibiting CYSLTR1 (Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1) and activating KLF2 (Kruppel Like Factor 2)","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702\u2013707.e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.052","article-title":"Nationwide cohort study of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and incident or recurrent cardiovascular disease","volume":"129","author":"Ingelsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04338.x","article-title":"The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast and aortic stenosis","volume":"75","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0831","article-title":"The effect of montelukast and low-dose theophylline on cardiovascular disease risk factors in asthmatics","volume":"132","author":"Allayee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1769618","article-title":"Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, exerts local antinociception in animal model of pain through the L-arginine\/nitric oxide\/cyclic GMP\/KATP channel pathway and PPARgamma receptors","volume":"131","author":"Alizamani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2010.01238.x","article-title":"Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist, attenuates chronic brain injury after focal cerebral ischaemia in mice and rats","volume":"63","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.07.058","article-title":"Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT) antagonists decrease pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"277","author":"Lenz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2011.04.003","article-title":"Modulation of leukotriene D4 attenuates the development of seizures in mice","volume":"85","author":"Rehni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100333","article-title":"Antiasthmatic drugs targeting the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 alleviate central nervous system inflammatory cell infiltration and pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.02.008","article-title":"Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26299","article-title":"Montelukast drug activity and potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"93","author":"Copertino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"1","article-title":"Montelukast in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19","volume":"59","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Asthma."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108806","article-title":"Inhibition of the cysteinyl leukotriene pathways increases survival of RGCs and reduces microglial activation in ocular hypertension","volume":"213","author":"Motloch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01248.x","article-title":"Montelukast for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: A pilot study","volume":"24","author":"Verleden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruttens, D., Verleden, S.E., Demeyer, H., Van Raemdonck, D.E., Yserbyt, J., Dupont, L.J., Vanaudenaerde, B.M., Vos, R., and Verleden, G.M. (2018). Montelukast for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193564"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2018.11.014","article-title":"Montelukast in chronic lung allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Vos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.09.084","article-title":"Effects of montelukast, a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptor antagonist, on the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice","volume":"650","author":"Shimbori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.03.018","article-title":"Montelukast abrogates rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure via rectifying detrimental changes in antioxidant profile and systemic cytokines and apoptotic factors production","volume":"683","author":"Helmy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2011.00996.x","article-title":"Montelukast ameliorates kidney function and urinary bladder sensitivity in experimentally induced renal dysfunction in rats","volume":"27","author":"Suddek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.11.009","article-title":"Oxidative renal damage in pyelonephritic rats is ameliorated by montelukast, a selective leukotriene CysLT1 receptor antagonist","volume":"557","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-021-01484-5","article-title":"Drug Repurposing: Claiming the Full Benefit from Drug Development","volume":"23","author":"Kort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028035","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","article-title":"Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dugger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20411","article-title":"Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation","volume":"539","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw002","article-title":"Altered Proteins in the Aging Brain","volume":"75","author":"Elobeid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.29","article-title":"Not just amyloid: Physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein family","volume":"18","author":"Deller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S200490","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Tiwari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2020). 2020 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 16, 391\u2013460.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12068"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.801","article-title":"Common variants at MS4A4\/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 are associated with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Naj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.439","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and CR1 associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Heath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.803","article-title":"Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A\/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"43","author":"Hollingworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.440","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Harold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.07.001","article-title":"Contribution to Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk of rare variants in TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 in 1779 cases and 1273 controls","volume":"59","author":"Bellenguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006247","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006247","article-title":"Biochemistry and cell biology of tau protein in neurofibrillary degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Mandelkow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22516","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy in the elderly","volume":"70","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0909142","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"362","author":"Querfurth","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91754-5","article-title":"Chromosome 21q21 sublocalisation of gene encoding beta-amyloid peptide in cerebral vessels and neuritic (senile) plaques of people with Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Robakis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.05.020","article-title":"The chick embryo appears as a natural model for research in beta-amyloid precursor protein processing","volume":"134","author":"Carrodeguas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.218","article-title":"The secretases: Enzymes with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Vassar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.28","article-title":"Amyloid beta: Structure, biology and structure-based therapeutic development","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2975","article-title":"Comparison of neurotoxicity of different aggregated forms of A\u03b240, A\u03b242 and A\u03b243 in cell cultures","volume":"23","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69113-7","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"368","author":"Blennow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14593","article-title":"Targeting amyloid clearance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease as a therapeutic strategy","volume":"176","author":"Nalivaeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9895-1","article-title":"Clearance of Amyloid Beta and Tau in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapy","volume":"34","author":"Xin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsigelny, I.F., Crews, L., Desplats, P., Shaked, G.M., Sharikov, Y., Mizuno, H., Spencer, B., Rockenstein, E., Trejo, M., and Platoshyn, O. (2008). Mechanisms of hybrid oligomer formation in the pathogenesis of combined Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003135"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0320-x","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Twohig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033787","article-title":"Neuroprotective and symptomatological action of memantine relevant for Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2014a unified glutamatergic hypothesis on the mechanism of action","volume":"2","author":"Danysz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100708","article-title":"Donanemab in Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"384","author":"Mintun","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00299","article-title":"Targeting Alpha-Synuclein as a Therapy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Fields","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-017-0099-z","article-title":"Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Targets for potential treatments","volume":"6","author":"Maiti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.037","article-title":"Serotonin in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"277","author":"Politis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00293","article-title":"Early Degeneration of Both Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Axons\u2014A Common Mechanism in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"10","author":"Grosch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallajosyula, J.K., Kaur, D., Chinta, S.J., Rajagopalan, S., Rane, A., Nicholls, D.G., Di Monte, D.A., Macarthur, H., and Andersen, J.K. (2008). MAO-B elevation in mouse brain astrocytes results in Parkinson\u2019s pathology. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001616"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2016.0162","article-title":"Transfer of Montelukast into Human Milk During Lactation","volume":"12","author":"Datta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/15\/9\/1039\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1760141646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/15\/9\/1039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":254,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ph15091039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15091039","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202207.0379.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}