{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:55:28Z","timestamp":1775832928057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["150413\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150413\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["312309\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312309\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["88882.448895\/2019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88882.448895\/2019-01"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["150413\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["150413\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["312309\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312309\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["88882.448895\/2019-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88882.448895\/2019-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limonium species represent a source of bioactive compounds that have been widely used in folk medicine. This study aimed to synthesize the anticancer and anti-proliferative potential of Limonium species through a systematic review. Searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Scielo and via a manual search. In vivo or in vitro studies that evaluated the anticancer or anti-proliferative effect of at least one Limonium species were included. In total, 942 studies were identified, with 33 articles read in full and 17 studies included for qualitative synthesis. Of these, 14 (82.35%) refer to in vitro assays, one (5.88%) was in vivo, and two (11.76%) were designed as in vitro and in vivo assays. Different extracts and isolated compounds from Limonium species were evaluated through cytotoxic analysis against various cancer cells lines (especially hepatocellular carcinoma\u2014HepG2; n = 7, 41.18%). Limonium tetragonum was the most evaluated species. The possible cellular mechanism involved in the anticancer activity of some Limonium species included the inhibition of enzymatic activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which suggested anti-metastatic effects, anti-melanogenic activity, cell proliferation inhibition pathways, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. The results reinforce the potential of Limonium species as a source for the discovery and development of new potential cytotoxic and anticancer agents. However, further studies and improvements in experimental designs are needed to better demonstrate the mechanism of action of all of these compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T02:01:10Z","timestamp":1676426470000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Chemical Constituents, Anticancer and Anti-Proliferative Potential of Limonium Species: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naiara C\u00e1ssia","family":"Gancedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Palafito, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Isolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Palafito, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Natalia Castelhano","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Palafito, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Celso Vataru","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Technological Innovation in the Development of Drugs and Cosmetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Daniela Cristina","family":"de Medeiros Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Ing\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87035-510, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andreia Cristina Conegero","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1, Cascavel 85818-760, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Stumpf","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Research Program, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil"},{"name":"H&TRC\u2014Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL\u2014Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Fernandez-Llimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Danielly","family":"Chierrito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Ing\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 87035-510, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos Palazzo","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Palafito, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2174\/138920008785821657","article-title":"Medicinal plants and cancer chemoprevention","volume":"9","author":"Desai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. 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