{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:10:42Z","timestamp":1772838642667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"PT national funds (FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04423\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photopharmacology is an approach that aims to be an alternative to classical chemotherapy. Herein, the different classes of photoswitches and photocleavage compounds and their biological applications are described. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) containing azobenzene moieties (PHOTACs) and photocleavable protecting groups (photocaged PROTACs) are also mentioned. Furthermore, porphyrins are referenced as successful photoactive compounds in a clinical context, such as in the photodynamic therapy of tumours as well as preventing antimicrobial resistance, namely in bacteria. Porphyrins combining photoswitches and photocleavage systems are highlighted, taking advantage of both photopharmacology and photodynamic action. Finally, porphyrins with antibacterial activity are described, taking advantage of the synergistic effect of photodynamic treatment and antibiotic therapy to overcome bacterial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T01:36:38Z","timestamp":1683077798000},"page":"682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Photomodulation Approaches to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sofia N.","family":"Sarabando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5397-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Em\u00edlia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIIMAR\u2014Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Amparo F.","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J. P.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3010-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4905","article-title":"Beyond Photodynamic Therapy: Light-Activated Cancer Chemotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Reessing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.1c00518","article-title":"Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light","volume":"17","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00129","article-title":"A Roadmap to Success in Photopharmacology","volume":"48","author":"Broichhagen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. 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