{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:50:05Z","timestamp":1771473005105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CICS-UBI","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CICS-UBI","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Community Funds of Science, Technology and Higher Educations (MCTES)","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Community Funds of Science, Technology and Higher Educations (MCTES)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"]}]},{"name":"European Social Funds (EFS)","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Social Funds (EFS)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00709\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/139137\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels-hyperglycemia, caused by a lack of insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. The incidence of DM is increasing, resulting in billions of dollars in annual healthcare costs worldwide. Current therapeutics aim to control hyperglycemia and reduce blood glucose levels to normal. However, most modern drugs have numerous side effects, some of which cause severe kidney and liver problems. On the other hand, natural compounds rich in anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin) have also been used for the prevention and treatment of DM. However, lack of standardization, poor stability, unpleasant taste, and decreased absorption leading to low bioavailability have hindered the application of anthocyanins as therapeutics. Therefore, nanotechnology has been used for more successful delivery of these bioactive compounds. This review summarizes the potential of anthocyanins for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications, as well as the strategies and advances in the delivery of anthocyanins using nanoformulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16050736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:36:59Z","timestamp":1683859019000},"page":"736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nanoformulations for the Delivery of Dietary Anthocyanins for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC\u2014Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilberto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS-UBI\u2014Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"CPIRN-UDI-IPG\u2014Research Unit for Inland Development, Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-554 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II\u2014Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Pel\u00e1ez, S., Fito, M., and Castaner, O. (2020). Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082236"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.R., Shohag, S., Hossain, M.E., Rahaman, M.S., Islam, F., Ahmed, M., Mitra, S., Khandaker, M.U., and Idris, A.M. (2022). 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