{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:47:16Z","timestamp":1772758036541,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/145467\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/145467\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.54499\/CEECIND\/00831\/2018\/CP1578\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.54499\/CEECIND\/00831\/2018\/CP1578\/CT0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cistus ladanifer L., Acacia dealbata L., and Aloysia citrodora Pal\u00e1u were subject to an optimization procedure for two extraction techniques (heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)). The extracts were then analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI\/MS for their phenolic profile (cistus\u201415 compounds, acacia\u201421 compounds, and lemon verbena\u20149 compounds). The response surface methodology was applied, considering four varying factors: ethanol percentage; extraction time; temperature\/power; and S\/L ratio, generating two responses (the major phenolic compound, or family of compounds, and the extraction yield). For cistus, both techniques optimized the extraction yield of punicalagins, with UAE proving to be the most efficient extraction method (3.22% ethanol, 22 min, 171 W, and 35 g\/L). For acacia, HAE maximized the extraction of procyanidin (74% ethanol, 86 min, 24 \u00b0C, and 50 g\/L), and UAE maximized the content of myricetin (65% ethanol, 8 min, 50 W, and 50 g\/L). For lemon verbena, HAE favored the extraction of martynoside (13% ethanol, 96 min, 49 \u00b0C and 17 g\/L) and forsythiaside UAE (94% ethanol, 25 min, 399 W, and 29 g\/L). The optimal conditions for the extraction of compounds with high added value and potential for use in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals were defined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17050593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1715079610000},"page":"593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cistus, Acacia, and Lemon verbena Valorization through Response Surface Methodology: Optimization Studies and Potential Application in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Filipa A.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bromatolog\u00eda, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Carocho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiane C.","family":"Finimundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bromatolog\u00eda, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica y Alimentaria, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel C. F. R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrina A.","family":"Heleno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00578A","article-title":"Ocimum basilicum var. Purpurascens leaves (red rubin basil): A source of bioactive compounds and natural pigments for the food industry","volume":"10","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borges, A., Jos\u00e9, H., Homem, V., and Sim\u00f5es, M. (2020). Comparison of techniques and solvents on the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts from acacia dealbata and olea europaea. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020048"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Villalba, J., Burl\u00f3, F., Hern\u00e1ndez, F., and Carbonell-Barrachina, \u00c1.A. (2023). Valorization of Wild Edible Plants as Food Ingredients and Their Economic Value. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051012"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiliopoulou, K., Brooks, T.M., Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., Oikonomou, A., Karavatsou, F., Stoumboudi, M.T., and Triantis, K.A. (2023). Protected areas and the ranges of threatened species: Towards the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030. Biol. Conserv., 284.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.110166"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2024, January 22). Jardim Bot\u00e2nico da UTAD. Available online: https:\/\/jb.utad.pt\/."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Karkouri, J., Bouhrim, M., Al Kamaly, O.M., Mechchate, H., Kchibale, A., Adadi, I., Amine, S., Ismaili, S.A., and Zair, T. (2021). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil from cistus ladanifer L. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10102068"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-017-2825-2","article-title":"Cistus ladanifer (Cistaceae): A natural resource in Mediterranean-type ecosystems","volume":"247","author":"Raimundo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2997-4","article-title":"Neglected Mediterranean plant species are valuable resources: The example of Cistus ladanifer","volume":"248","author":"Raimundo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raposo, M.A.M., Pinto Gomes, C.J., and Nunes, L.J.R. (2021). Evaluation of Species Invasiveness: A Case Study with Acacia dealbata link. on the Slopes of Cabe\u00e7a (Seia-Portugal). Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132011233"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, C.S.D., Moreira, P., Resende, J., Cruz, M.T., Pereira, C.M.F., Silva, A.M.S., Santos, S.A.O., and Silvestre, A.J.D. (2020). Characterization and cytotoxicity assessment of the lipophilic fractions of different morphological parts of acacia dealbata. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051814"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.021","article-title":"Aloysia citrodora Pal\u00e1u (Lemon verbena): A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"222","author":"Bahramsoltani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"33","article-title":"Leaf nutrient concentration standards for lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora Pal\u00e1u) obtained from field and pot fertilization experiments","volume":"8","author":"Afonso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leichtweis, M.G., Molina, A.K., Petropoulos, S.A., Carocho, M., Pires, T.C.S.P., Dias, M.I., Calhelha, R., Oliveira, M.B.P.P., Pereira, C., and Barros, L. (2023). Valorization of Pumpkin Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Optimization of Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28073168"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105325","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable processing by-products: A revissew","volume":"70","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1200","article-title":"High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray time-of-flight and ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry to identify phenolic compounds from a Cistus ladanifer aqueous extract","volume":"21","author":"Micol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2004.04.003","article-title":"Rapid large scale purification of ellagitannins from pomegranate husk, a by-product of the commercial juice industry","volume":"41","author":"Seeram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1365\/s10337-005-0623-7","article-title":"Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS determination of ellagitannins, flavonoid glycosides, and acyl-glycosyl flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L","volume":"62","author":"Saracini","year":"2005","journal-title":"leaves. Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.03.038","article-title":"Antifungal activity and detailed chemical characterization of Cistus ladanifer phenolic extracts","volume":"41","author":"Barros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. Crop. Prod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mat\u0142ok, N., Lachowicz, S., Gorzelany, J., and Balawejder, M. (2020). Influence of drying method on some bioactive compounds and the composition of volatile components in dried pink rock rose (Cistus creticus L.). Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112596"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26449","article-title":"Punicalagin is a neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza viruses","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.03.032","article-title":"Moroccan antidiabetic medicinal plants: Ethnobotanical studies, phytochemical bioactive compounds, preclinical investigations, toxicological validations and clinical evidences, challenges, guidance and perspectives for future management of diabetes world","volume":"115","author":"Bouyahya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859621001015","article-title":"Nutraceutical and preservative potential of Acacia mearnsii and Acacia dealbata leaves for ruminant production and product quality enhancement","volume":"159","author":"Uushona","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0531499","article-title":"Determination of the predominant catechins in Acacia catechu by liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry","volume":"54","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13338-3","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and biological activities of betulin from Acacia nilotica bark","volume":"12","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9119","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA00209H","article-title":"Separation of flavonoids with significant biological activity from Acacia mearnsii leaves","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3184\/030823402103171960","article-title":"Flavonoids from Acacia tortilis","volume":"6","author":"Muhaisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghababaei, F., and Hadidi, M. (2023). Recent Advances in Potential Health Benefits of Quercetin. Pharmaceuticals, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16071020"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shoaib, S., Ansari, M.A., Fatease, A.A., Safhi, A.Y., Hani, U., Jahan, R., Alomary, M.N., Ansari, M.N., Ahmed, N., and Wahab, S. (2023). Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Challenges, Future Directions and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Neuroprotection. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030749"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyva-Jim\u00e9nez, F.J., Lozano-S\u00e1nchez, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa, \u00c1., C\u00e1diz-Gurrea, M.D.L.L., Arra\u00e9z-Rom\u00e1n, D., and Segura-Carretero, A. (2020). Optimized Extraction of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids from Lemon Verbena Leaves by Supercritical Fluid System Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9070931"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.01.033","article-title":"Identification and determination of bioactive phenylpropanoid glycosides of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb. et Moldenke) by HPLC-MS","volume":"166","author":"Marchetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114077","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological investigation of the cardiovascular effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction of Aloysia polystachya (Griseb.) Moldenke leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"274","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.04.035","article-title":"Comparative study of conventional and pressurized liquid extraction for recovering bioactive compounds from Lippia citriodora leaves","volume":"109","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.07.001","article-title":"Verbascoside\u2014A review of its occurrence, (bio)synthesis and pharmacological significance","volume":"32","author":"Alipieva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gawe\u0142-B\u0119ben, K., Kukula-Koch, W., Hoian, U., Czop, M., Strz\u0119pek-Gom\u00f3\u0142ka, M., and Antosiewicz, B. (2020). Characterization of cistus \u00d7 incanus L. and Cistus ladanifer L. extracts as potential multifunctional antioxidant ingredients for skin protecting cosmetics. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030202"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2018.07.003","article-title":"Mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304L stainless steel in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Cistus ladanifer leaves extract","volume":"133","author":"Lekbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.006","article-title":"Exploring reserve lots of Cymbopogon citratus, Aloysia citrodora and Thymus \u00d7 citriodorus as improved sources of phenolic compounds","volume":"257","author":"Rita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tammar, S., Salem, N., Aidi Wannes, W., Limam, H., Bourgou, S., Fares, N., Dakhlaoui, S., Hammami, M., Khammassi, S., and Re, G.D. (2021). Chemometric profiling and bioactivity of verbena (Aloysia citrodora) methanolic extract from four localities in Tunisia. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10122912"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziani, B.E., Carocho, M., Abreu, R.M., Bachari, K., Alves, M.J., Calhelha, R.C., Talhi, O., Barros, L., and Ferreira, I.C. (2020). Phenolic profiling, biological activities and in silico studies of Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana extracts. Food Biosci., 36.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2020.100616"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venusova, E., Kolesarova, A., Horky, P., and Slama, P. (2021). Physiological and immune functions of punicalagin. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072150"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06565","article-title":"Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Punicalagin in the Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease by Computer-Aided Drug Research Technology","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2017.11.032","article-title":"Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology","volume":"194","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.02.063","article-title":"Bioactive procyanidins from dietary sources: The relationship between bioactivity and polymerization degree","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taheri, Y., Suleria, H.A.R., Martins, N., Sytar, O., Beyatli, A., Yeskaliyeva, B., Seitimova, G., Salehi, B., Semwal, P., and Painuli, S. (2020). Myricetin bioactive effects: Moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03033-z"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2582","article-title":"Multi-response optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction for recovery of flavonoids from red grape skins using response surface methodology","volume":"27","author":"Tomaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00616","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of three bioactive ingredients of Fufang E\u2019jiao Jiang during chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, X., Gu, S., Jin, Z., Hao, M., Yin, Z., and Wang, J. (2018). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted simultaneous extraction of three active compounds from the fruits of forsythia suspensa and comparison with conventional extraction methods. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23092115"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2019.04.060","article-title":"Manufacturing design to improve the attainment of functional ingredients from Aloysia citriodora leaves by advanced microwave technology","volume":"79","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Eng. Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandim, F., Petropoulos, S.A., Pinela, J., Dias, M.I., Kostic, M., Sokovi\u0107, M., Ferreira, I.C., Santos-Buelga, C., and Barros, L. (2022). Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Cardoon Blades at Different Growth Stages. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11050699"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/5\/593\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:41:09Z","timestamp":1760107269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/5\/593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17050593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17050593","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]}}}