{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:20:11Z","timestamp":1773213611543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Opioids are the strongest analgesics available and are crucial in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The line between these critical medications and how they are used beyond standard therapeutics in cases such as abuse, misuse, and medication errors needs to be understood, as it affects their safety, efficacy, and manner of use. The aim of this systematic review was to identify what is known about the adverse events resulting from the abuse, misuse, and medication errors associated with opioid use. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed\u00ae, Scopus\u00ae and, EBSCO\u00ae databases to retrieve studies from the inception to December 2023 reporting abuse, misuse, and medication errors associated with medicinal opioid use. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts and full text according to eligibility using Covidence\u00ae software. Full articles were examined by two independent reviewers, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed by the JBI\u2019s critical appraisal tools. A total of 934 articles were screened by their title and abstract. Then, 151 articles were selected for full text screening. Of these, 34 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The included studies varied significantly in their population sizes, ranging from 9 individuals to 298,433 patients, and encompassed a diverse demographic, including all ages and both sexes. The studies consistently reported a range of adverse events associated with opioid use. Fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol, and hydrocodone were frequently implicated. The data heterogeneity in this field resulted in challenges in drawing conclusions. The review highlights that some opioids, particularly fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone, are frequently associated with preventable adverse drug reactions, abuse, and medication errors, underscoring the need for robust preventative measures and ongoing research to mitigate opioid-related harm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T17:16:49Z","timestamp":1722446209000},"page":"1009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Misuse, Abuse and Medication Errors\u2019 Adverse Events Associated with Opioids\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8230-9485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moa","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9402-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Coimbra, EPE, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Valeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eu2P European Programme in Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico De Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Farm\u00e1cia, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"van Hunsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH \u2019s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6279-1421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico De Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Farm\u00e1cia, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"QLV Research Consulting, 3030-193 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4051","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4051","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions","volume":"363","author":"Ferner","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01060.x","article-title":"Managed care and the goals of medicine","volume":"46","author":"Callahan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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