{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:41:13Z","timestamp":1760060473395,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BPI\/La Caixa Foundation and Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PD21-00003","DOI:10.54499\/UIDB\/00102\/2020","DOI:10.54499\/UIDP\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD21-00003","DOI:10.54499\/UIDB\/00102\/2020","DOI:10.54499\/UIDP\/00102\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PD21-00003","DOI:10.54499\/UIDB\/00102\/2020","DOI:10.54499\/UIDP\/00102\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD21-00003","DOI:10.54499\/UIDB\/00102\/2020","DOI:10.54499\/UIDP\/00102\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pompia is an ancient, endemic citrus ecotype native to Sardinia (Italy), characterized by distinctive morphology and high content of bioactive compounds. Despite increasing interest, several aspects of this fruit, including its histological characteristics, remain poorly understood. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the anatomical features and spatial distribution of secretory cavities involved in essential oil (EO) production and accumulation, while also evaluating the EO\u2019s chemical profile and associated biological activity. Methods: Pompia peel (flavedo and albedo) was subjected to histological analysis through fixation, dehydration, resin inclusion and sectioning. Sections were stained with 0.05% toluidine blue and observed under a light microscope to measure different parameters of secretory cavities. Essential oil (EO) was obtained from Pompia peel by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis. The biological activity of Pompia EO was assessed in vitro using NIH\/3T3 fibroblasts, where wound-healing was evaluated by scratch assay and anti-senescence effects by \u03b2-galactosidase and \u03b3H2AX activity. Results: Microscopic analysis of the peel revealed pronounced variability in depth and size of the secretory cavities, along with the presence of lenticel-like structures in the epidermis. GC\u2013MS analysis showed that Pompia EO is dominated by limonene (89%), with minor compounds including myrcene, geranial and neral. In vitro biological assays demonstrated that the EO promotes cell migration in a wound-healing model at concentrations \u2265 12.5 \u00b5g\/mL and reduces markers of cellular senescence, including \u03b2-galactosidase activity and \u03b3H2AX foci, in etoposide-induced senescent fibroblasts. Conclusions: Overall, this study provides the first histological characterization of Pompia peel and confirms the bioactive potential of its EO. These findings support future applications in skin regeneration and anti-aging strategies and contribute to the valorization of this underexplored Citrus ecotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1756080572000},"page":"1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histology of Pompia Peel and Bioactivity of Its Essential Oil: A New Citrus-Based Approach to Skin Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Cocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Giorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Marsigliesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8044-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Mura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Jorge M.","family":"Alves-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Zuzarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0948-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edgia","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ghiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Via Piccioni 38, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3365-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Sanjust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Falconieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Maccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-1400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Valletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-2705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Brasili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6675-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Maxia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Economic and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Arca, A.M. (1780). Agricoltura di Sardegna, Vincenzo Orsino."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cherchi Paba, F. (1974). Evoluzione Storica Dell\u2019attivit\u00e0 Agricola, Caccia e Pesca in Sardegna, Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, Assessorato Industriale e Commercio, Ed. Fossataro."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moris, G.G. (1837\u20131859). Flora Sardoa: Seu Historia Plantarum in Sardinia et Adjacentibus Insulis vel Sponte Nascentium vel ad Utilitatem Latius Excultarum ex Regio Typographeo, Ex Regio Typographeo.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6355"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"109","article-title":"Un agrume nella storia della Sardegna: Citrus limon var. pompia Camarda var. nova","volume":"24","author":"Camarda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quad. Bot. Amb. 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