{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T05:21:21Z","timestamp":1765862481827,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04539\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0058\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0058\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/00070\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00070\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04567\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04567\/2025"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["COA\/BRB\/0019\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COA\/BRB\/0019\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00690\/2020"]}]},{"name":"SusTEC","award":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"institutional scientific employment program"},{"name":"FCT PhD","award":["PRT\/BD\/153391\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/153391\/2021"]}]},{"name":"FCT PhD","award":["PRT\/BD\/154364\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/154364\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Plants inhabiting mediterranean-influenced climatic zones, like Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench subsp. stoechas, Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav., and Thymus mastichina (L.) L. subsp. mastichina, have been scarcely investigated regarding their richness in phenolic compounds, herein explored as sources of skin anti-aging compounds. Methods: In this investigation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI\/MSn) were employed to chemically characterize the hydroethanolic extracts (HEs), and their cell-free antioxidant potential was screened. Thereafter, non-toxic concentrations of HEs were determined in human skin cells using Alamar blue\u00ae and Sulforhodamine B assays. The cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of HEs were assessed in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-stimulated fibroblasts, their anti-inflammatory potential was studied in lipopolysaccharide-injured macrophages, and enzymatic inhibition assays were performed. Notably, the irritant effects of HEs were tested according to Test Guideline No. 439 of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Results: The major compounds identified in the T. mastichina and L. pedunculata HEs were rosmarinic and salvianolic acid derivatives, while H. stoechas HE was mainly composed of caffeoyl and feruloyl derivatives, and O-glycosylated flavonoids. T. mastichina (\u22640.4 mg\/mL) exhibited significant cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, as well as remarkable anti-hyaluronidase activity. Conclusions: Shedding light on the quantitative and qualitative chemical picture of these HEs highlighted T. mastichina as a promising candidate to target skin aging effects, which correlates with its phenolic content. Further investigation is warranted regarding its anti-aging pharmacological activity, which could lead to the development of plant-based skin anti-aging products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18121889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T10:11:23Z","timestamp":1765793483000},"page":"1889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Spectrochemically Driven Study: Identifying Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Helichrysum stoechas, Lavandula pedunculata, and Thymus mastichina with Potential to Revert Skin Aging Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5414-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Pedro","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2526-4949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euclides","family":"Landim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9824-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5426-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M. F.","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, LAQV\/REQUIMTE, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7333-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, LAQV\/REQUIMTE, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds A. E.","family":"Batista de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, LAQV\/REQUIMTE, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2733-5797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS)\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7992-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies (CBIOS)\u2014Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (LA SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a (IPB), Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8997-9195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aida","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPB, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CiTUR, P\u00f3lo Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco S\u00e1 Carneiro 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o C\u00f4a Parque, Rua do Museu, 5150-620 Vila Nova de Foz C\u00f4a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology\u2014Science for People and the Planet (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Histologia e Embriologia, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Edif\u00edcio da FMUC, P\u00f3lo 1, 2\u00ba Piso, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marques, M.P., Mendon\u00e7a, L., Neves, B.G., Varela, C., Oliveira, P., and Cabral, C. 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